Components of the Climate System Atmosphere Ocean Biosphere Geosphere Image from NASA.

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Presentation transcript:

Components of the Climate System Atmosphere Ocean Biosphere Geosphere Image from NASA

Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation Atmospheric Circulation –Depends on density Ocean Surface Circulation –Depends on the wind Deep Ocean Circulation –Depends on density

Why is Ocean Circulation Important? Transport ~ 20% of latitudinal heat –Equator to poles Transport nutrients and organisms Influences weather and climate Influences commerce

Temperature Structure of Ocean thermocline

Ocean Circulation

Wind-drive ocean surface currents Wind driven surface currents How fast? A few miles/hr (Gulf Stream off of Miami = 4.5 mph) How much? Total water in ocean surface circulation = about 100 Amazon Rivers (20 million m 3 /s).

Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation Atmospheric Circulation –Depends on density Ocean Surface Circulation –Depends on the wind Deep Ocean Circulation –Depends on density

Sea Surface Temperature

Ocean Salinity

Temperature-Salinity (density) Diagram

Thermohaline Circulation North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW 15 million m 3 of near surface water descend into the deep ocean each second.

Thermohaline Circulation - The Ocean Conveyor

Equatorial to polar heat transport and water flow

Ocean – Atmosphere Circulation

UNEQUAL HEATING OF EARTH BUT – Outgoing solar radiation is not as uneven