7A MP 1 Exam 1.Safety: Write down 2 safety procedures to follow in the laboratory. Point test away from yourself and everyone else. Wear goggles to protect your eyes. Do not start a lab unless instructed to do so by the teacher. Do not eat or drink anything during a lab.

2. List the 7 steps of the scientific method: Problem, gather information, hypothesis, experiment, observation, conclusion, repeat

3. What is a hypothesis? An educated guess 4. Which step of the scientific method tests the hypothesis? Experiment 5. Which step of the scientific method organizes and analyzes data? Observations

6. Define: a. Independent Variable: The factor that is different in each setup b. Dependent Variable: What is being measured

7. Students wanted to investigate the effect of vinegar on seed growth. In order to test their idea they set up two identical containers filled with soil. In each container they planted 100 bean seeds. Both containers were placed in the sunlight for 8 hours a day. Container A was given 50 ml of water daily and container B was given 50 ml of vinegar. The seed growth was measured weekly. a. Independent Variable: Vinegar b. Dependent Variable: Seed growth c. Control Group: Container A d. Experimental Group: Container B e. 2 constants: Type of seeds, temperature, light, location, containers f. How can you increase the validity of this experiment? Repeat, increase sample size

8. Metric Conversions: K H D U D C M a g = _______ mg 1270 mg b cm = ______km km

9. What length is being represented at the arrow in the diagram below? 1.7 cm

10. Calculate the volume of an object with the following dimensions: L = 3.5 cm, W = 4.7 cm, H = 8.3 cm Show all work! V = L x W x H V = 3.5 cm x 4.7 cm x 8.3 cm V = cm 3

11. What is the volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder below? 30 mL

12. What is the mass on the triple beam balance below? g

13. What are the temperatures shown below? 100ºF 38ºC

14. The volume of water in a graduated cylinder is 45ml. 6 marbles are placed into the graduated cylinder and the volume of the water is now 49ml. What is the volume of the marbles? mL

15. What is the boiling point of water? (F & C) 100°C, 212°F 16. What is the freezing point of ice? (F & C) 0°C, 32°F

17. What is the density of an object that has a mass of g and a volume of 134 mL? Show all work! D = m = 67.98g = 0.5 g/mL v 134 mL a. Will this object float or sink in water? Why? It will float because it less dense than water. b. If this object is cut in half what will the density of each half be? The same (0.5 g/mL)

Microscope: 18. Describe the function of each part of the microscope: a. Diaphragm: controls the amount of light in a microscope b. Coarse adjustment knob: larger knob, for focusing when using low power objective c. Fine adjustment knob: Smaller knob, for focusing when using high power objective

19. Why can’t you use the coarse adjustment knob under high power? The lens and/or slide can break. 20. How do you move the slide if you want the image to move to the left and down? Right and up 21. What happens to the field of view when switching from the low to high power objective? It decreases.

22. What is the diameter (in millimeters) of each field of view below? a.b. 4 mm

28. What is the length of the cell in the field of view below. The diameter is 4mm. 1 mm

23. Life Processes – Identify the life process being described. a.Sum/total of all life processes metabolism b. Movement of materials within a cell transport c. Control & coordination regulation d. Movement of the body or body parts locomotion e. Small molecules join to form large molecules synthesis f. Taking in materials to be used by the body nutrition g. Production of new individuals reproduction h. Production of energy respiration i. Removal of metabolic wastes excretion j. Increase in cell # (cell division) growth k. This type of nutrition involves an organism making its own food. autotrophic nutrition l. This type of organism involves an organism that CANNOT make its own food. Heterotrophic nutrition m. Maintaining a stable, internal environment. homeostasis

24. Cell Theory a.The cell is the unit of _____ in all living things. structure b. The cell is the unit of _______ in all living things. function c. All cells come from _____________ cells. Pre-existing

25. Exceptions to the Cell Theory: Viruses are not cells and not made of cells. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. The first cell could not have come from another cell.

26. Cell Organelles a. carries out respiration mitochondria b. synthesis of proteins ribosomes C. semi-permeable Cell membrane d. carries out photosynthesis chloroplast e. gives plant cells shape Cell wall f. -command center of the cell nucleus g. helps make ribosomes nucleolus h. transportation system of the cell. ER i. packaging and shipping Golgi bodies j. contains digestive enzymes to break down materials lysosome k. storage tank of the cell vacuole l. assists in cell division and found only in animal cells centrioles m. material inside cell which organelles are found Cytoplasm

Golgi bodies Cell wall vacuole nucleus nucleolus mitochondria ribosomes chloroplast ER Cell membrane Nuclear membrane cytoplasm

Golgi bodies ribosomes Cell membrane lysosome vacuole ER centrioles cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus Nuc. membrane nucleolus DNA