World War I: The Great War Chapter 27 Objectives: SWBAT explain the immediate causes of WWI. SWBAT explain how European alliances led to the involvement of various nations is the war. DO NOW: Take out HW… Answer: List three things you learned about WWI from your reading. Write down one question that you have about WWI. Chapter 27 Objectives: SWBAT explain the immediate causes of WWI. SWBAT explain how European alliances led to the involvement of various nations is the war. DO NOW: Take out HW… Answer: List three things you learned about WWI from your reading. Write down one question that you have about WWI.

WORLD WAR I CASUALTIES Allied Powers Russia12,000,0001,700,0004,950,0002,500,0009,150, France8,410,0001,357,8004,266,000537,0006,160, British Empire8,904,467908,3712,090,212191,6523,190, Italy5,615,000650,000947,000600,0002,197, United States4,355,000126,000234,3004,500364, Japan800, , Romania750,000335,706120,00080,000535, Serbia707,34345,000133,148152,958331, Belgium267,00013,71644,68634,65993, Greece230,0005,00021,0001,00017, Portugal100,0007,22213,75112,31833, Montenegro50,0003,00010,0007,00020, Total42,188,8105,152,11512,831,0044,121,09022,104, % Central Powers Germany11,000,0001,773,7004,216,0581,152,8007,142, Austria- Hungary 7,800,0001,200,0003,620,0002,200,0007,020, Turkey2,850,000325,000400,000250,000975, Bulgaria1,200,00087,500152,39027,029266, Total22,850,0003,386,2008,388,4483,629,82915,404, % Grand Total65,038,8108,538,31521,219,4527,750,91937,508, %

Causes of WWI 1.Imperialism – Nations under the control of various empires (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire) want autonomy (independence) 2.Nationalism – People increasingly identify themselves on the basis of nationality – Nations want their own sovereign countries 3.Militarism – Due to imperialism, nations build up their armies, navies – Has a “snowball” effect…. Competition for “bigger guns” 4.Tangle of Alliances – European nations have numerous treaties with each other – Balance of power is held by few powerful nations/ empires

Franz Ferdinand Archduke of Austria-Hungary Heir to the throne Gavrilo Princip Serbian Nationalist Black Hand group

Nicky-Willy Telegrams Nicky & Willy telegrams

The War Begins….

The 2 Sides: Allies Serbia Russia Great Britain France Italy (decides not to honor its Triple Alliance agreement with Germany and Austria) Japan United States Allies Serbia Russia Great Britain France Italy (decides not to honor its Triple Alliance agreement with Germany and Austria) Japan United States Central Powers Germany Austria – Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Central Powers Germany Austria – Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire

The Schaeffer Plan Western Front: Western Front Animated Map

35 Nations eventually join in the Great War

Life in the Trenches & Modern Warfare Play video: Life in the trenches

Documents populations affected Populations documents

Homework : Chapter 27, Section 2: Complete All Section Review Questions.

World War I: Balkans, Ottoman Empire, United States SWBAT identify the reasons for Japan’s, Ottoman Empire’s and the United States’ entries into WW I. DO NOW: Copy topic and objective.

The Balkans Central Powers Bulgaria Allied Powers Serbia Italy (secret treaty)

German colonial possessions

Taking Sides….. Japan: Allies Seizes German outposts in China and Pacific Islands Ottoman Empire: Central Powers Sees Russia as a threat Dardanelles strait Battle of Gallipolli – 10 months – 200,000 casualties Middle East: Arab nationalist revolts – Britain’s T.E. Lawrence aids Husayn ibn Ali

United States Policy of Neutrality 1917 U.S. Declares War on Germany Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – Lusitania, 128 Americans killed Zimmerman Note – Telegram to Mexico – In return for help, Germany to help Mexico reconquer territories lost in the Mexican-American War – Telegram intercepted by the British Woodrow Wilson – “a war to end war”, “to make the world safe for democracy”

Russia: revolution forces Nicolas II to abdicate V.I. Lenin comes to power Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdraws Russia from war Western Front: March 1918, last attempt at victory – German offensive exhausts forces Germany: citizens force Kaiser Wilhelm II to step down Austria-Hungary: nationalist revolts, empire crumbles War comes to an end….

Paris Peace Conference & The Treaty of Versailles U.S., Great Britain, France Wilson’s 14 Points and self-determination: – Eastern & Southern Europe, Ottoman Empire, colonies – Territorial concerns (borders) (to be discussed in detail at a later date) League of Nations – Goal: collective security – No secret treaties Treaty of Versailles: – Places blame for war on Germany – Reparations = $30 billion (destruction, pensions, etc.) – Limited size of military – Alsace & Lorraine returned to France

Closing: Journals President Wilson said that the U.S. would enter WWI to fight for the spread of democracy. Do you think that this is a good justification for fighting a war? Are there legitimate justifications for fighting wars OR is war never justified ? Minimum 3 full paragraphs.

HOMEWORK: What is genocide? How many genocides have taken place throughout history? What is the total number of people who were killed as a result of genocide?

WW I: Impact of the War Objectives: SWBAT explain how WWI impacted the world’s economic and political systems. SWBAT discuss whether the Treaty of Versailles adequately addresses the problems that led to the war in Europe.

Impact of the War: Total War: Affects all aspects of society Draft, forced civilian labor, setting of prices, strikes forbidden Men to the front; women to work Propaganda: posters, etc. used to gain support for war Economics: Economies reorganized to meet demands of the war France: lost 20,000 factories, 300,000 homes, 1,360,000 livestock, thousands of acres of forests and farms More than ½ of all year old males dead Debt Influenza Pandemic (1918) 20 million dead

Solutions: DEBTGERMANY PAYS REPARATIONS GERMANY RESENTS THE CONDITIONS OF THE PEACE TREATY MILITARISMGERMANY TO REDUCE SIZE OF ITS MILITARY GERMAN RESENTMENT IMPERIALISM vs. NATIONALISM SELF-DETERMINATION IN EUROPE (POLAND, YUGOSLAVIA) MANDATES IN THE COLONIES BORDERS STILL A PROBLEM COLONIES WANT “TRUE” INDEPENDENCE TANGLE OF ALLIANCES & BALANCE OF POWER LEAGUE OF NATIONSU.S. DOES NOT JOIN THE LEAGUE

Primary / Secondary Documents Activity: In your assigned groups, view the provided documents and/or images. Answer the provided questions. Discuss your answers. Prepare to “teach” what you’ve learned to your “home group”. Topics: military technology, human experiences & literature, propaganda, Armenian genocide, Wilson’s 14 points

World War I: World after the War Objectives: SWBAT explain how European and Middle Eastern borders changed post-WWI. SWBAT explain how the newly established borders contributed to future conflicts.

Europe: Restoration of Borders Austria-Hungary: splits, loses land Germany: – loses land to Poland, Belgium – Loses Alsace & Lorraine to France

Ottoman Empire & Middle East Ottoman Empire: loses land (Armenia, Iraq, Syria) Turkey established Mandates established in the Middle East Palestine *** Mesopotamia (Iraq) Iraq Petroleum Company Syria Lebanon

Mandates in the colonies Mandates and protectorates established in former German colonies in Africa