AP World History “Period 4”

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Presentation transcript:

AP World History “Period 4”

Periodization Years: 1450 to 1750 Signs of the modern era emerging Globalization Exploration and colonization of the Americas ‘Gunpowder’ Empires

Signs of Modernity (Change) Population growth World population doubles from 1400 to 1800 Commercialization of economies Urbanization Stronger centralized states replaced local control actively promoted trade, common culture Military power soars after “gunpowder revolution”

Limits of European control Europeans ruled Americas and controlled sea trade BUT limited power in mainland Asia and Africa China and Japan controlled European trade and missionary activities Africans set terms of the slave trade

“Late Agrarian Era?” People and animals provide energy to make things (no Industrial Revolution yet) Landowning elites still dominant (not middle class) Most commoners rural peasants (not urban workers) Kings ruled (not democracies) Still patriarchal (no women’s rights yet)

Major States and Empires c. 1500

World Map c. 1750

World Migrations

World Map 1900

The Fifteenth Century

Limited Paleolithic Persistence Hunter-Gatherer Societies Australia Siberia Africa and Americas

Agricultural Villages North America Iroquois Confederacy Loose confederation that settled disputes peacefully Valued individual liberty and limited government influence British settlers

Agricultural Village Societies Sub-Saharan Africa Rival city states Kingdom of Songhai Trans-Saharan trade

Ming China 1368-1644 Recovery from Mongol rule Strong central government Neo-Confucianism civil service system Zheng He Armada (1405-1433) 7 voyages for diplomacy and trade discontinued

Zheng He

Western Europe Recovery from Black Death State-building: Independent, competitive states Western European Renaissance Maritime voyaging, exploration, and colonization

Islamic World Ottoman Empire– center of Islamic world Safavid Empire Mughal Empire Songhai Empire Malacca

The Americas Aztec and Inca Empires

Aztec Mexica people migrated south into the Valley of Mexico 1325: small island on Lake Texcoco Drew upon Toltecs and Teotihuacan 100 years of military conquest of Mesoamerica

Aztec Politics Loosely structured city-states Frequent rebellions Tributary system Decentralized

Tenochtitlan Capital city 200,000 people Kept records of tribute Temples, pyramids, canals, bridges “floating gardens”

Aztec Religion Human sacrifice Present in most Mesoamerican (and other) cultures, but most prominent in Aztec Tlacaelel Huitzilopochtli- Sun god Gods gave blood to create mankind man must repay regularly to keep cosmic order (sun rise)

Inca Western hemisphere’s largest imperial state Established by Quechua-speaking people Drew upon previous Andean civilizations Moche, Chavin Expanded by military conquest

Inca Politics Centralized, bureaucratic state Divine Right State owned all resources Mita system Provincial system Record keeping– quipus, knotted cords Colonization Voluntary hostage-taking

Quipus

Inca Society Polytheism Human sacrifice Gender Parallelism patriarchal