yule, Speech Acts Pertemuan 8 Matakuliah: G1042/Pragmatics Tahun: 2006

yule, Learning Outcomes Mahasiswa dapat menggunakan bermacam macam speech act untuk membuat suatu conversation (C3)

yule, Materi outline Speech Acts classification Direct and Indirect Speech Acts

yule, Speech act classification (1) Speech Act classification: A. declaratives B. representatives C. expressives D. directives E. commissives

yule, Speech act classification (2) A. declaratives –A speech act which changes the state of affairs in the world. –E.g. during the wedding ceremony the act of marriage is performed when the phrase I now pronounce you man and wife is uttered. B. representatives –A speech act which describes states or events in the world, such as an assertion, a claim, a report. –E.g. the assertion: This is a German car. (Richards, 1997)

yule, Speech act classification (3) C. expressives –A speech act in which the speaker expresses feelings and attitudes about something, such as an apology, a complaint, to thank someone, to congratulate someone. –E.g. The meal was delicious D. directives –A speech act that has the function of getting the listener to do something, such as suggestion, a request, or a command. –E.g. Please sit down. E. commissives –A speech act that commits the speaker to doing something in the future, such as a promise or a threat. –E.g. If you don’t stop fighting, I’ll call the police (Richards, 1997)

yule, Speech act classification (4) C. expressives –A speech act in which the speaker expresses feelings and attitudes about something, such as an apology, a complaint, to thank someone, to congratulate someone. –E.g. The meal was delicious D. directives –A speech act that has the function of getting the listener to do something, such as suggestion, a request, or a command. –E.g. Please sit down. E. commissives –A speech act that commits the speaker to doing something in the future, such as a promise or a threat. –E.g. If you don’t stop fighting, I’ll call the police (Richards, 1997)

yule, Direct and Indirect Speech act Direct speech act –There is a direct relationship between a structure and a function –E.g. a declarative use in order to make declarative sentence. It’s cold outside. I hereby tell you about the weather Indirect speech act –There is an indirect relationship between a structure and a function. –E.g. we use a declarative sentence in order to make a request. It’s cold outside I hereby request of you that you close the door.

yule, Direct and Indirect Speech act Direct speech act –There is a direct relationship between a structure and a function –E.g. a declarative use in order to make declarative sentence. It’s cold outside. I hereby tell you about the weather Indirect speech act –There is an indirect relationship between a structure and a function. –E.g. we use a declarative sentence in order to make a request. It’s cold outside I hereby request of you that you close the door.