The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Basic Biomechanics, (5th edition) by Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.
Advertisements

Lower Limb Skeleton (homologous with upper limb)
Hip Joint.
Hip & Lower Limb Muscles
LOWER LIMB ANATOMY We will try to review the anatomy of the lower limb with a more familiar and practical approach then we have been used to. We will do.
Ankle Joint It consists of a deep socket formed by the lower end of the tibia & fibula , into which is fitted the upper part of the body of the talus .
Hip & Lower Limb Muscles
Muscles of the Lower Extremity Inferior Half
Hip, Thigh, & Leg Muscles 22 Oct. 2012Hip-Thigh-Leg.ppt1.
The Muscular System: Part D
Lower Limb Lab 7b. Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints Most anterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the.
The Lower Extremity BIOL FEMUR TIBIA FIBULA.
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Gluteal Compartment/ Lateral Compartment:
The muscles of lower limb
Classification and action of the lower extremity muscles
Hip joint and pelvic girdle
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
The Muscular System Part D
Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Presentation by © All rights Reserved
Muscle Review.
Lab Activity 11: Group III
Musculoskeletal Anatomy Quiz
Muscles that Move the Thigh & Leg
The Lower Extremity The Hip
Iliopsoas (Psoas major & Iliacus)
The Ankle and Foot Joints
The Ankle and Foot Joints. Function of the foot Provide a stable platform Generate propulsion Absorb shock.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 The Muscular System:
Fig Sacrum Pelvic girdle Coxal bone Femur Patella Tibia
Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim
The Leg Muscles BIO 238 Instructor: Dr. Gourdine 1.
Muscles of the Human Body!
Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim
Kinesiology for Manual Therapies
The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
Sports Medicine 15 Unit I: Anatomy Part 3 Anatomy of the Lower Limbs:
Ankle Joint.
* KNEE JOINT * ANKLE JOINT * HIP JOINT
Hip & Lower Limb Muscles
Biomechanics of Human Lower Extremity
Chapter 8: The Biomechanics of the Upper Extremities
Chapter 8:Part 1 The Lower Extremity: Knee, Ankle, and Foot
$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 SHOULDER and ARM FINAL ROUND $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 ELBOW and FOREARM HIPS and THIGH KNEE and.
KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12 th edition Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State.
Chapter 10 The Muscular System Part H.
Knee Joint Type Is the most complicated joint in the body
Muscles of the Pelvis, Leg and Foot
Windsor University School of Medicine
Lab Activity 11: Group II Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231.
Muscles of the Leg
UPPER TRAPEZIUS. MIDDLE TRAPEZIUS LOWER TRAPEZIUS.
Hip & Pelvis.
Myology Myology of the Ankle.
Muscles on thigh, hands, and feet By: Annie Jeehyun Jean.
ANKLE AND FOOT Aaron Yang, Stacey Kent, Mackenzie Saxton.
Anatomy and Physiology I
KNR 181 Muscles Acting on Lower Extremities Exam Review $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Origins Insertions Actions Identification.
Muscles and Muscle Action Lower Extremities. Muscles that Move… The Lower Extremities: The Coxal joint/thigh Thigh muscles that move the knee joint/leg.
Muscles acting on the Hip and Lower Limb
KNEE ANKLE.
Ankle Joint Dr Rania Gabr.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College C H A P T E R © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.© Annie Leibovitz/Contact.
M USCLES THAT M OVE THE L OWER L IMB p M USCLES THAT MOVE THE T HIGH Anterior and Posterior groups Anterior: primarily flex thigh Posterior:
Muscles of the lower extremities
11-6 Appendicular Musculature
The Muscular System Part E
The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity
The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity
Presentation transcript:

The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity Chapter 8 The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Hip What is the hip joint? a ball and socket joint where the head of the femur articulates with the concave acetabulum a more stable joint than the shoulder because of bone structure and the number and strength of the muscles and ligaments crossing the joint Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Ischiofemoral ligament Structure of the Hip Iliofemoral (Y) ligament Pubofemoral ligament Femur Ischium Anterior view Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Posterior view The integrity of the hip is enhanced by the strong ligaments crossing the joint. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Hip Femoral head Femur Acetabulum Ilium Sacrum Pubis Ischium The pelvic girdle includes the two ilia and the sacrum. It can be rotated forward, backward, and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Hip What movements of the femur are facilitated by pelvic tilt? Pelvic tilt direction Femoral movement posterior flexion anterior extension lateral (to opposite abduction side) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Hip Flexor muscles at the hip are iliacus and psoas major, assisted by pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius, and tensor fascia latae. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Hip Extensor muscles at the hip are gluteus maximus and the hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Hip The abductor muscle at the hip is the gluteus medius, assisted by gulteus minimus. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Hip The adductor muscles at the hip are adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis, assisted by gracilis. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Knee What is the tibiofemoral joint? dual condyloid articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the femur; composing the main hinge joint of the knee considered to be the knee joint Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Bony structure of the tibiofemoral joint. Structure of the Knee Patella Tibia Fibula Femur Bony structure of the tibiofemoral joint. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Knee What is the patellofemoral joint? articulation between the patella and the femur (the patella improves the mechanical advantage of the knee extensors by as much as 50%) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Knee What are the menisci? cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles structures that distribute the load at the knee over a large surface area and also help absorb shock Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Posterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Structure of the Knee Lateral meniscus Posterior cruciate ligament Transverse ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus Superior view The menisci of the knee. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Knee What major ligaments cross the knee? collateral ligaments - cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee cruciate ligaments - cross each other in connecting the anterior and posterior aspects of the knee Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Knee The popliteus “unlocks” the fully extended knee by laterally rotating the femur with respect to the tibia to allow flexion to proceed. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Knee What muscles contribute to flexion at the knee? hamstrings assisted by: gracilis sartorius popliteus gastrocnemius Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Ankle What is the tibiotalar joint? hinge joint where the convex surface of the superior talus articulates with the concave surface of the distal tibia considered to be the ankle joint Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Ankle What is the distal tibiofibular joint? (a syndesmosis where dense, fibrous tissue binds the distal tibia and fibula together) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

The bony structure of the ankle. Fibula Tibia Talus Calcaneus Posterior view The bony structure of the ankle. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Ankle Dorsiflexors at the ankle include tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius, assisted by extensor hallucis longus. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements at the Ankle Plantar flexors at the ankle are gastrocnemius and soleus, assisted by tibialis posterior, plantaris, peroneus longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus brevis, and flexor digitorum longus. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot What is the subtalar joint? (the anterior and posterior facets of the talus articulate with the sustencalculum tali on the superior calcaneus) Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot What are the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints? nonaxial joints that permit only gliding movements enable the foot to function as a semirigid unit and to adapt flexibly to uneven surfaces during weight bearing Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot What are the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints? condyloid and hinge joints, respectively the toes function to smooth the weight shift to the opposite foot during walking and help maintain stability during weight bearing by pressing against the ground when necessary Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot What are the plantar arches? the medial and lateral longitudinal arches stretch form the calcaneus to the metatarsals and tarsals the transverse arch is formed by the bases of the metatarsal bones Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot What are the plantar fascia? thick bands of fascia that cover the plantar aspects of the foot During weight bearing, mechanical energy is stored in the stretched ligaments, tendons, and plantar fascia of the foot. This energy is released to assist with push-off of the foot from the surface. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Structure of the Foot Lateral view Plantar view Plantar fascia The plantar fascia. Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements of the Foot What muscles are responsible for toe flexion and extension? flexion - flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, interossei extension - extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.

Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition Movements of the Foot What muscles are responsible for inversion and eversion? inversion - tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior eversion - peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, assisted by peroneus tertius Basic Biomechanics, 6th edition By Susan J. Hall, Ph.D.