Define the Groups of Russian People Tsars of Russia Define: Give an Example: Serfs Define: How did this group Change during the modernization of Russia? Boyars Define: How did this group Change during the modernization of Russia?

Russia and Peter the Great

Peter the Great Modernizes Russia – Examples: Education, building projects, social reforms Examples of Absolute Control – Social: Orders western dress and cutting of Boyars (nobles) beards – Economic: Adopts mercantilist policies, encourage exports – Political: Controlled Boyars by forcing them to serve the state

Expansion of Russia Under Peter the Great, Russia becomes the largest state in the world by Peter's time. Three times the size of Europe

Expansion of Russian Borders What does Peter want? 1.Peter wants to build a strong military 2.Peter wants a warm water port to trade with the west 3.Wants a new capital city – along the Baltic Sea Does Peter get what he wants? 1.Creates a large standing army and navy 2.Unable to defeat the Ottoman Empire, Failed to get a warm water port 3.Goes to war with Sweden for land on the Baltic Sea and then builds a brand new city – St. Petersburg (originally a swamp, becomes a modern city)

Building a City Facts on St. Petersburg Known as a “window to the west” as the new capital is meant to be a city where western ideas would come in to Russia A great symbol of Peter’s and Russia’s power and absolute control – Orders serfs to work on city A symbol of Russia’s modernization – Modern architecture and design Map of St. Petersburg

Peter’s Palace “Peterhof Palace” Facts on Peter the Great’s Palace: Known as the Russian Versailles, partially designed by Peter the Great About 200 meters Decorated with Gold Surrounded by gardens Question: 1. Peter modeled his palace so that it looked a lot like the Palace of Versailles (in France). - Why do you think that Peter chose to build his palace in the French Style? 2. Why would Peter need a palace like Peterhof’s Palace?

Effects of Peter the Great’s Reign? Positive Modernizes Russia – Improves military, education, legal code Expands Russian Borders – Creates a large empire (3 billion acres) Makes Russia a major European Power Negative Rules with absolute authority – often very violently – Executes his own son Growth of serfdom Not always successful in goals – No warm-water port

Which of the following statements do you agree with? And Why? A). A government leader should never have absolute authority. B). A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy. C). A governmental leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack. D). A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interests.

Building Russian power – (Russia, part 3) – start 1:36 dMC048 dMC048 (Russia, part 4) – end 3:17, or 5:23 KmPzc KmPzc