U.S. IOOS ® HF Radar Network 10 Years of Experience Measuring Ocean Surface Currents Jack Harlan, Ph.D. U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS ® ) HF Radar Program Manager 26 February 2015 CIIMAR-GOMC Mexico D.F.

Stakeholders Operated by 30 institutions USA, Mexico, Canada Who Depends on it USCG Search and Rescue Oil spill response Water quality Commercial marine navigation Offshore energy Harmful algal bloom warnings Marine fisheries Criminal forensics Emerging - Tsunami detection U.S. IOOS - High Frequency Radar Network Search area decreased 66% in 96 hours 2

Continental U.S.A. Australia South Korea Canada Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Is. Hawaiian Is. Spain Mexico High Frequency Radar Network (HFRNet) 130+ Radars (USA,Mexico,Canada 3

● Also, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, N.Alaska, Hawaii ● Hourly solutions produced on 0.5, 1, 2 and 6 km grids IOOS HFRNet Grid includes Mexico 4

How Was IOOS HFRNet Created? Leveraged existing HF radar infrastructure in U.S. academia 5

Growth of U.S. HFRNet Operational budget line established for U.S. O&M Integration of Existing Research Systems State of CA 44 radars funded Start 2006 Continual growth a result of commitment to network by U.S. partners 6

Surface Current Data Flow for U.S. Coast Guard Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System (SAROPS) HFRNet for Search and Rescue 7

Applications 8

U.S. IOOS Response to DWH U.S. IOOS partnership demonstrated ability to: Quickly deploy: Gliders & HF radar, saving resources/improving safety Models/Imagery ingested into NOAA/Navy models Data assimilation improved spill response decision-making and public understanding USM HFR USF HFR HFR data informed NOAA trajectory forecasts HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast with satellite detected oil slicks 9

96 hr: Without HFR 36,000 Km 2 96 hr: With HFR 12,000 Km 2 U.S. Coast Guard Search & Rescue Actual Drifter Location 10

Shipping Navigation 11

Shipping Navigation (cont.) 12

National Weather Service Forecasts Automated Weather Information Processing System (AWIPS-2) –Every Coastal Forecast Office in the USA 13

Accessing the Data in AWIPS-2 14

Modeling/Data Assimilation West Coast Operational Forecast System (WCOFS) Now Underway 15

Biological Monitoring and Prediction Probability of egg occurrence HFR for particle trajectories Larval dispersal & MPAs Similar uses for spawning and migration studies Winter Spring AutumnSummer Gong et al., JGR 16

Upwelling and Phytoplankton Space & time pattern in flows, temperature and phytoplankton concentration. Upwelling – southward flow of cold nutrient-rich waters. Relaxation – northward flow of warmer, plankton-rich waters from south. 17

The end cap on the main San Francisco municipal outfall was accidently dropped during maintenance; diffusers were temporarily shunted for ten days in October 2007 To close or not to close the beaches inshore of SF outfall? San Francisco Sewage 18

1-10 October 2007 Statistics of surface particle movements helped to show that beaching of the sewage plume was unlikely 6hr drift 12hr drift 24hr drift San Francisco Sewage (cont.) 19

Cosco Busan Tanker Spill 58,000 gal of oil into San Francisco Bay - 8 Nov

Cosco Busan Spill (cont.) HF radar observations in the Gulf of the Farallones were able to predict which beaches were vulnerable as the oil exited the Golden Gate Responders focused assets effectively based on predictions 21

HFRNet Data Management 24/7/365 Redundant Servers Diagnostics Quality Control Data Storage Archival LOTS of Behind-the-Scenes WORK! 22

Radial Diagnostics Radial diagnostics are summarized in a balloon with a link to the most recent radial image, file information and time histories of latencies and radial solutions Site Diagnostics 23

Network diagnostics are summarized monthly based on coverage Site and Network Diagnostics 24

GEO Global HF Radar 25

Global HF Radar Network 37 Countries with HF Radar for oceanographic purposes 26

GEO Global HF Radar Goals 1. Data Sharing 2. Capacity Building 3. Information Sharing 27

Looking to the Future: Innovations Antenna Pattern Measurements Using Automated Identification System (AIS) For each vessel, AIS provides: Time-Stamped Position Bearing Speed 28

More Innovation Antenna Pattern Measurements With UAVs! 29

Thank You Please Visit the IOOS HF Radar Website ioos.noaa.gov/hfradar and the GEO Global HF Radar Website ioos.noaa.gov/globalhfr/welcome.html 30