From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Plate 6.1. Salton Sea photographed from Gemini 5, August 1965 (NASA photograph).

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Plate 6.2. Earth from Apollo 17, July 1972 (NASA photograph).

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Plate 6.3. On this false color image of the Muskingum area of Ohio, vegetation appears red and strip mines are shown in blue (USGS photo, Landsat 1, 1973).

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.1. San Francisco in ruins (photo by George R. Lawrence). Source. Library of Congress (

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.2. Pigeon with camera. Photograph: wikicommons.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.3. The electromagnetic spectrum.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.4. Wavelength and frequency.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.5. The visible spectrum.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.6. Harbor at Long Beach, California. Source. USGS.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.7. Topographic map of same area of Long Beach, California. Source. USGS.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.8. The scale of a photograph is dependent on the elevation of the platform and the focal length of the camera.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 6.9. The height of a tall feature can be determined from the length of its shadow.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press.