Alisha Jackson World History Period 4

A. Growing Interest in the East  European interest in the East increased after travelers reached China in the thirteenth century.

A. Growing Interest in the East  Italian Traders Reach China In 1295, a group journeying father to the East invited the Polos to join them.the Polos They were headed to the court of Kublai Khan in China, Cathay as it was then known. No serious trader would have passed up the chance to visit Kublai Khan’s court.

A. Growing Interest in the East  Tales of the East The Polos stayed in China for 16 or 17 years. After his returned from Venice, Marco Polo’s notes became a book, The Travels of Marco Polo. This book was instantly popular. It opened new worlds to Europeans.

B. Looking for New Trade Routes  European’s began searching for direct trade routes to the east.

B.Looking for New Trade Routes  High Prices for Eastern Goods Trade in Eastern goods was brisk during the 1300’s. Europeans used spices not only for food but also to preserve it. Traders who brought spices and other goods from the East traveled a long way and though many lands before they reached Europe.

B. Looking for New Trade Routes  Dangerous Land Routes In the late 1300’s, the huge Mongol Empire began to break apart. Mongol Empire The days in which Mongol rulers could promise westerns such as the Polo’s a safe trip home were over. New Muslim powers were rising in Asia Minor, the part of Asia closest to Europe.

C. Spreading Christianity  An important goal of European explorers was to spread Christianity.

C. Spreading Christianity  Missionaries Head East Even before the Polos had begun their travels, missionaries were traveling eastward to urge the Mongols to accept the Christian faith. The Pope sent monks to the East in order to learn more about the Mongol Empire and to spread Christian beliefs. The monks followed the caravan routes, trading ideas with people they met along the way.caravan

C. Spreading Christianity  Voyages With Several Purposes The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama stated plainly that he was searching for both “Christians and spices”. Bernal Diaz wrote that he sailed to the indies “…to serve God and his majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” Kings, queens, and others who sent forth these expeditions were also motivated by religion, the chance to find new trade routes, and hopes for finding gold and silver in faraway lands.

D. Sailing With New Technology  Advances in technology helped make exploration possible.

D. Sailing With New Technology  Tools for Navigation By the mid-1400’s, Europeans setting sail on the high seas carried two important tools, a magnetic compass and an astrolabe.astrolabe. In the 1100’s, European sailors had discovered that they could magnetize an iron needle. By the 1300s, sailors created a magnetic compass to find direction.

D. Sailing With New Technology  Ships for Long Trips For long voyages on the open sea, early European explorers preferred a type of round ship known as a caravel. The caravel was a small, light ship with sails the shape of triangles. It was easy to move the caravel about in waters with changing winds and currents.

DD15 World History Period 1

A. Exploration Under Henry The Navigator  Prince Henry the Navigator sent expeditions to explore the West African Coast.

A. Exploration Under Henry The Navigator  A Sailing Study Center Around 1419, Prince Henry set up a center for the study of navigation at Sagres, on the southwestern coast of Portugal. Henry had many reasons for supporting exploration; he was curious about the world. In addition to introducing others to Christianity, he wanted to use contact with other people to oppose the power of the Muslims.

A. Exploration Under Henry The Navigator  Down The African Coast In 1434, Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes was sent to find a route to Africa. These expeditions explored every twist and turn of the coastline, naming bays, capes, and rivers as they went. They traded for fish, sealskins, and seal oil, but further south there were more valuable commodities, including gold, ivory, pepper, and slaves.

 After Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama sailed around Africa to India.

 Bartolomeu Dias Rounds Africa From the Guinea Coast, the coastline of Africa stretched south endlessly. In 1487, three Portuguese ships led by Bartolomeu Dias sailed down the west coast of Africa. As Dias went south, the weather turned bad, and in the wind and rain Dias rounded the tip of Africa without knowing. Dias’s crew persuaded him to turn back, additionally a lack of food, and a need for ship repairs forced Dias to return to Portugal.

 Vasco da Gama Sails To India In 1497, Vasco da Gama set sail with 170 sailors and 4 ships; he wanted to reach Calicut on the West Coast of India. In the spring of 1498, da Gama crossed the Indian Ocean from East Africa to Calicut. In1499, he returned with just 2 ships and 44 sailors. The sailors had found their long- sought sea route to India.

 First the Portuguese and then the English, Dutch, and French set up trading empires in the East.

 The Portuguese Take Control When the Portuguese returned to the Indian Ocean after Vasco da Gama’s expedition, they were ready to use force to take control of trade. By 1513 only 15 years after da Gama reached Calicut, the Portuguese had destroyed the Arabs’ hold on trade in the Indian Ocean. Over a period of about 40 years, they set up trading post throughout the region, in places such as Java, Timor, Sumatra, and Macao in China and Nagasaki in Japan.

 Power Shifts In The East In 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to The Treaty of Tordesillas. Other European countries wanted a share in Eastern trade. In the 1600s they traded in the region through special companies. East India companies had the legal right given by the government to conduct trade between England and the East Indies. For the Dutch, English, and French people, trade was a way they could gain more power.

Chapter 15: Exploration and Trade Section 3: China, Japan, and Foreign Trade

A. China and the Outside World  Main Idea During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China had limited contact with foreigners

A. China and the Outside World  The Ming Dynasty Rebuilds China In the final years of the Mongol Empire, civil war broke out among the Chinese people.Mongol Empire After year of fighting, a rebel leader named Hong Wu(which means great military power)captured Beijing from the Mongols and became emperor of China The Ming Dynasty remained in power for almost 300 years

A. China and the Outside World  Foreign Contacts Under the Ming China expanded its power during the Ming Dynasty. Mongolia,Korea,and Southeast Asia became subjects to the emperor’s authority. The Ming developed more contacts across the sea. The third emperor,Yongle,took unusual steps to encourage foreign contact. In 1405,Yongle sent a fleet of ships to India and Southeast Asia. Zhen He was commander.

A. China and the Outside World  Expansion and Trade During the Qing Dynasty The Ming Dynasty slowly lost control of outlying regions in the 1500’s By 1644,China turned to the Manchus for help. The Manchus invaded China, overpowered the Ming government, and set up the Qing Dynasty, which stayed in power until 1912.

B. Japan Shuts a Door  Europeans Arrive in Japan During the 1500’s Nobunaga Oda, a powerful daimyo wanted to unite Japan and be its leader. Nobunaga was a fierce warrior. Soon half of Japan was under his control. After Nobunaga was killed, Hideyoshi Toyotomi, one of his generals, completed his work of uniting Japan. Hideyoshi was helped by another daimyo, Ieyasu Tokugawa.

B Japan Shuts a Door  The Tokugawa Send Foreigners Away In 1603, the Tokugawa family came into power and ruled for more than 250 years. In the first years, the Tokugawa worked to bring peace and set up a new government system. Ieyasu Tokugawa was the first Tokugawa shogun. The Tokugawa made rule hereditary, so that it passed from one member of the family to another.

Mongol Empire  The Mongol Empire was an empire from the 13 th and 14 th century spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia.

The Polos  In about 1260, Niccolo and Maffeo Polo, two brothers from a merchant family in Venice, Italy, set out on a trading trip to the Crimea, on the western edge of the Mongol Empire.

Astrolabe  an astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from about 200 b.c. and by Arab astronomers from the Middle Ages until superseded by the sextant.

Caravan  a group of travelers, as merchants or pilgrims, journeying together for safety in passing through deserts, hostile territory, etc.

Mongol Empire  an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.

Brisk  quick and active; lively: brisk trading; a brisk walk.