Expansion of Industry Chapter 14 section 1

Main Idea and Key Terms At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an industrial boom Edwin Drake Bessemer Process Thomas Alva Edison Christopher Sholes Alexander Graham Bell

Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization After the Civil War, the U.S. is still very much an agricultural nation By the 1920’s (60 years later), it had become the leading industrial power in the world Factors leading to this included a growing urban population Cheap labor New markets a wealth of natural resources Government support for business

Black Gold In the 1840’s, Americans began using kerosene to light lamps In 1859 Edwin L. Drake successfully drills for oil with a steam engine This oil boom spread to Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas Cleveland and Pittsburgh become refinery towns

Bessemer Henry Bessemer (GB) and William Kelly (US) develop the Bessemer process Removes impurities such as carbon from molten iron to make steel Cheap and efficient method Steel Railroads, barbwire, farm equipment, construction, the Brooklyn Bridge

Inventions Refer to worksheet 1 for this slide

Section 2 The Age of Railroads Main Idea and key Terms – Page 442 The growth and consolidation of railroads benefited the nation but also led to corruption and required government regulation Transcontinental railroad George M. Pullman Credit Mobilier Munn v. Illinois Interstate Commerce Act

Railroads Span Time and Space Rails made local transit reliable and westward expansion possible The government made huge land grants and loans to RR’s to move west On May 10th, 1869, the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads met at Promontory Point to complete the county’s first transcontinental railroad

A Dose of Reality All the dreams that came with moving west came on the backs of the railroad employees Railroads employed immigrants and Civil War vets to lay track In 1888, the first year of statistics for railroads, reported 2,000 dead and 20,000 injured Despite the conditions, the trains united the country Railroad time is soon adopted

Opportunity The growth of the railroads influenced the industries and businesses to grow quickly Industries Included: Iron Coal Steel Lumber Glass Rails opened new markets, and business boomed!

Pullman George Pullman invents sleeper cars for trains He also created a town to house the employees Maintained tight control Cut pay, but not rent A violent strike was the result He had the desire to control profit, which often times leads to corruption Read about Credit Mobilier, The Grange, and the Interstate Commerce Act in your text, pages 444-446