A Speech by: Alba G. & Carolina C. Jack The Ripper A Speech by: Alba G. & Carolina C.

Introduction. 1. Backgrounds. 2. Murders. - Canonical five. - Later Whitechapel murders. - Other alleged victims. 3. Investigation. - Criminal Profiling. 4. Suspects. 5. Letters. 6. Media. 7. Legacy.

JACK THE RIPPER Unindentified serial killer in Whitechapel distric. London September – October 1888. Nicknames: - “The Whitechapel Murder”. - “The leather Apron”. Attacked female prostitutes. Modus operandi: cutting throats and abdominal mutilations.

1. BACKGROUNDS Middle 19th century: Irish immigrants, Jewish refugees, Russians, people from Eastern Europe  Britain Increase population of the cities / Overcrowded of Whitechapel neighbourhood Work and housing conditions worsened. An economic underclass developed. Robbery, violence and alcohol dependence were common. Many women drove to prostitution  In 1888: 62 brothels and 1200 women worked as prostitutes in Whitechapel. Economic problems  steady rise of social tensions. In 1888  a series of grotesque murders attributed to "Jack the Ripper"

2. MURDERS The sites of the first seven Whitechapel murders : - Osborn Street(centre right) - George Yard(centre left) - Hanbury Street(top) - Buck´s Row(far right) - Berner Street(bottom right) - Mitre Square(bottom left) - Dorset Street(middle left)

Many victims killed by the same person * Many victims killed by the same person. * Five of the eleven Whitechapel murders  The Canonical Five  Jack The Ripper.

2.1 CANONICAL FIVE

1. Mary Ann Nichols: 3:40 a.m. on Friday 31 August 1888 in Buck's Row, Whitechapel. - The throat  two cuts. - Lower part of the abdomen  partly ripped open by a deep, jagged wound. - Several other incisions on the abdomen. 2. Annie Chapman: 6 a.m. on Saturday 8 September 1888 in Hanbury Street, Spitalfields. - The throat  two cuts. - The abdomen entirely open - The uterus  removed. One witness described seeing Chapman at about 5:30 a.m. with a dark-haired man of "shabby-genteel" appearance.

3. Elizabeth Stride: 1 a.m.,Sunday 30 September 1888 in Berner Street, Whitechapel. - One clear-cut incision on the neck. - Absence of mutilations to the abdomen Jack the Ripper was interrupted during the attack. fair dark Witnesses who saw Stride with a man shabbily dressed well-dressed 4. Catherine Eddowes: 2 a.m., Sunday 30 September 1888 in Mitre Square, in the City of London. - The throat was severed. - The abdomen was ripped open by a long, deep, jagged wound. - The left kidney and the uterus removed. A local man, Joseph Lawende seeing  a fair-haired man of shabby appearance

5. Mary Jane Kelly: 10:45 a.m. on Friday 9 November 1888 in 13 Miller's Court, Dorset Street, Spitalfields. - Lying on her bed in the single room where she lived. - The throat severed down to the spine - The abdomen emptied of its organs. - The heart was missing. The canonical five murders were perpetrated at night, on or close to a weekend. The mutilations became increasingly severe. It is clear that these five crimes were committed by the same man.

LATER WHITECHAPEL MURDERS The crimes ended The culprit´s - death. - imprisonment. - institutionalisation. - emigration.

Four victims after The Canonical five: - ROSE MYLETT (20 December 1888). - ALICE MCKENZIE (17 July 1889). - THE PINCHIN STREET TORSO (10 September 1889). - FRANCES COLES (13 FEBRUARY 1891).

2.3 Other alleged victims Annie Millwood - Whitechapel workhouse infirmary with stab wounds in the legs and lower torso on 25 February 1888  She was discharged. - Died from apparently natural causes aged 38 a month later. - She was later postulated as the Ripper's first victim. "The Whitehall Mystery” - The discovery of a headless torso of a woman on 2 October 1888 Metropolitan Police headquarters in Whitehall. - An arm  floating in the river Thames - One of the legs buried near where the torso was found. - The other limbs and head  never recovered  the body was never identified. Similar to the Pinchin Street case. The Whitehall Mystery and the Pinchin Street  "Thames Mysteries“. Single serial killer  called the "Torso killer". Not connection between Jack the Ripper and the "Torso killer" John Gill, a seven-year-old boy, was found murdered in Manningham, Bradford.on 29 December 1888. - His legs  severed - His abdomen opened  his intestines drawn out - His heart and one ear  removed. The similarities with the canonical five led to press speculation that the Ripper had killed the boy.

INVESTIGATION Policemen house – to – house (Inspector Frederick Abberline – 1888) Forensic Material collected and examined. More than 2,000 people interviewed. Upwards of 300 people investigated. 80 people detained.

* The Metropolitan Police Whitechapel Division Criminal Investigation Department. * Citizens The Whitechapel Vigillance Committee patrolled the streets. * Suspects: Butchers, slaughterers, surgeons…

3.1 Criminal profiling Thomas Bond (police surgeon)  own examination of the most extensively mutilated victims. He wrote: - All five murders no doubt were committed by the same hand. - In the five murders the throats appear to have been cut from left to right. - The women were lying down when she were murdered and in every case the first cut was in their throats. The murderer not possessed any kind of scientific or anatomical knowledge He had to be a man of solitary habits, with "periodical attacks of homicidal and erotic mania. While there is no evidence of any sexual activity with any of the victims, many test confirm that the murder felt sexual pleasure from the attacks.

SUSPECTS Jack The Ripper regular employment and lived locally. An educated upper –class man ( a doctor, an aristocrat).

Sir. Melville Macnaghten Assistant Commissioner from 1903 – 1913. A Mayor Report in 1894 on Jack The Ripper Case, naming three possible suspects.

- Montague John Druitt. - Aaron Kosminski. - Michael Ostrog.

5. Letters Three were prominent: 1. The "Dear Boss" letter: dated 25 September 1888. - Received by the Central News Agency  forwarded to Scotland Yard. - Initially  a hoax. The letter's promise to "clip the ladys ears off”. - Eddowes was found three days after with one ear partially cut off it seems to have been nicked by the killer incidentally during his attack. - The name "Jack the Ripper" was first used in this letter by the signatory. The "Saucy Jacky" postcard: dated 1 October 1888. - Received by the Central News Agency. - The handwriting was similar to the "Dear Boss" letter. - Two victims were killed very close to one another (the murders of Stride and Eddowes). - The police  postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings took place. The "From Hell" letter: dated 16 October 1888. - Received by George Lusk, leader of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee. - The handwriting and style is different. - Small box with half of a human kidney, preserved in “ethanol”.

MEDIA. The treatment of crime by journalists MEDIA * The treatment of crime by journalists. * Jack The Ripper Case  The first to create a Worldwide Media frenzy. * Tax reforms in the 1850s  Publication of inexpensive Newspapers that included Magazines such as “The Illustrated Police News”.

7. Legacy In the two decades after the murders, the worst of the slums were demolished, but the streets and some buildings survive  nowadays the legend of the Ripper is still promoted by guided tours of the murder sites. In the immediate aftermath of the murders, and nowadays, "Jack the Ripper became the children's bogeyman  All depictions are often as a phantom or monstrous person. Jack the Ripper features in hundreds of works of fiction, including the Ripper letters and a hoax Diary of Jack the Ripper. The Ripper appears in novels, short stories, poems, comic books, games, songs, plays, operas, television programmes and films.

KEYWORDS. To sever: cortar. To rip: desgarrar/destripar KEYWORDS * To sever: cortar. * To rip: desgarrar/destripar. * Shabby: andrajoso. * To be discharged: ser dado de alta. * Hoax: farsa. * Bogeyman: el hombre del saco/el coco. * Apron: delantal. * Culprit: culpable. * Disposal: colocación, traspaso. * Barrister: abogado. * Con – man: timador. * Watershed: línea divisoria. * Frenzy: frenesí.