Matter is the “stuff” that makes up everything in the universe Anything that takes up space and has mass Air, books, milk, statues, fruit, baseball, flowers

A quality of a substance that never changes and can be used to identify the substance. Examples: Density, Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point, chemical activity Boiling Point (temperature at which a liquid boils) Pure water has a boiling point of 100°C or 214°F Melting Point (temperature at which a solid melts) Ice has a melting point of 0°C or 32°F

Physical Change Alter the form of a substance, but not its identity One or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. Chemical activity – the ability to undergo a specific chemical change Chemical Change

Physical ChangeChemical Change Heating water on a stove turning it into water vapor Heating an ice cube turning it into water Placing water into a freezer turning it into ice Tearing paperMixing sugar and water Burning paperHeating sugar turning it into caramel

Mixtures A mixture consists of two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined Orange juice, grape juice Sea Water is a solution Solution = “best-mixed” of all possible mixtures (sugar water and salt water) A pure substance is made of only one kind of matter and had definite properties Elements and Compounds Pure Substances

Heterogeneous Mixtures in which the substances do not spread out evenly. Mixtures in which substances are spread evenly throughout, Homogeneous

HeterogeneousHomogeneous Flat soda pop soil mayonnaise Black coffee Beach sand Oil and vinegar salad dressing Chocolate chip ice cream Vegetable soup alcohol Sugar water Sugar Spaghetti sauce iron paint Aluminum foil City air

Elements A pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by any chemical means Carbon, iron, copper, nitrogen, aluminum, etc. A compound is a substance formed from chemical combination of two or more different elements Water: H2O Carbon Dioxide: CO2 Sugar: C12H22O11 Salt: NaCl Compounds

Measuring Matter

Mass Amount of matter an object contains Mass remains the same throughout the universe Instrument: Triple beam balance Units: gram Measure of force of gravity on an object Since weight depends on gravity, weight will change when you move around the universe Instrument: Spring Scale Units: Newton Weight

Regular shaped object For regular shaped objects the volume can be calculated mathematically Units: cm 3 (mL) For Rectangular objects and cubes V=LxWxH For irregular shaped objects the volume can be found using water displacement Units: mL (cm 3 ) Fill graduated cylinder half way and record volume. Place object in graduated cylinder and record the volume of the displaced water. Subtract the original volume from the new volume to find the volume of the object in mLs. Irregular shape object

Density is the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume. To calculate density of an object, divide its mass by its volume. Density = mass Volume Units for density: g/mL or g/cm 3 The density for pure water is 1.0 g/mL

A small cube of wood has a side that measures 3cm and has a mass of 540 grams. What is the density of the cube and will it float in water?

Atoms are the smallest particles of an element Democritus – suggested that there were smallest possible “pieces” of everything and that theses pieces couldn’t be divided any further Dalton proposed the atomic theory Atoms can’t be broken into smaller pieces In any element, all the atoms are exactly alike Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds Atoms of each element have a unique mass The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio

a MOLECULE is a group of atoms joined together and act as a single unit A CHEMICAL BOND is the force that hold two atoms together Water : H2O is a molecule