CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY

MAJOR ELEMENTS OF LIFE

Ezymatic action

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

THE 4 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF LIFE

3 ADDITIONAL MAJOR ELEMENTS

Figure 02.03: Formation of an ion

Chemical Bonding

Figure 02.04: Chemical bonding

Hydrogen bonds form between polar groups or molecules Polar molecules Meaning and example in water

Figure 02.05: Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

BALL & STICK MODEL OF WATER MOLECULES

Covalent bonds share electrons

FORMATION OF COVALENT BONDS

2.3 Water and pH

Figure 02.06: Solutes dissolve in water

ACID, BASE, AND SALT

Figure 02.09: Organic compounds in cells

2.4 Major Organic Compounds of Living Organisms

Functional groups define molecular behavior Major functional groups: Hydroxyl (—OH) Methyl (---CH3) Amino (—NH2) Sulfhydryl (—SH) Carboxyl (—COOH) Phosphate (—OPO3-2)

Carbohydrates provide energy and building materials Chemical structure and uses Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Importance in microorganisms

Structural Formulas for Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and a Polysaccharide

LIPIDS One glycerol plus 3 fatty acids covalently linked together will make one fat molecule.

STRUCTURE OF GLYCEROL AND ONE FATTY ACID

ONE FAT MOLECULE CONSISTS OF ONE GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS

Lipids store energy and are components of membranes

PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE a major component of plasma membranes

Proteins are the workhorses of cells Chemical components and combination of amino acids Peptide bond formation Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure and examples

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE

PEPTIDE BOND FORMED BY DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Figure 02.16: Formation of a dipeptide by dehydration synthesis

Examples of Amino Acids

MORE AMINO ACIDS

Protein Folding

Nucleic acids DNA and the RNA’s

DNA The Molecular Structures of Nucleotide Components and the Construction of a DNA

STRUCTURE OF ATP

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