The Changing Role of the Military in Assistance Strategies Dr Stuart Gordon Department of Defence and International Affairs Royal Military Academy Sandhurst V.1 Presentation The views expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the UK Ministry of Defence

Scope Framing the Debate: A World of Changes The Mainstreaming of ‘CIMIC’ and ‘Civil Affairs’? The Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) and ‘Integrated Missions’ debates The Challenges and Trends Questions

Framing the debate: A World of Changes? Evolving Humanitarianism The move away from ‘Dunantist’ humanitarianism Changes in the underlying purpose of interventions and emergence of the coherence agenda: Purpose Organisational implications Adaptations within militaries: Bosnia, Somalia, ‘EBO’, ‘Hearts and Minds’ and ‘peace building’ approaches, ‘joined up government’ Contextual changes: The ‘Global War on Terror’ Structural changes in the deployed actors

Mainstreaming of CIMIC and Civil Affairs? The ‘apparent’ mainstreaming of ‘CIMIC’ or ‘Civil Affairs’ Organisational changes and doctrinal adaptations: –African approaches – The Peace building approach. –Euro-NATO – The Compromise approach. Military ‘strategic’ culture, EBO, ‘Hearts and Minds’ –US – The Securitisation approach. Kagan’s Power thesis, military ‘strategic’ culture, EBO, organisational interests, force protection –Obstacles: the ‘Lipson’ thesis.

The Debate in Practice: PRT controversies: Diversity in approaches between ISAF and OEF but….. Competes with NGOs and duplicates their services but are less effective and efficient Compromises the NGOs relationships with local populations Their approach is fundamentally at odds with the principles of humanitarian assistance - politicisation Diversion from primary role of providing secure environment Absence of effective evaluation of contributions and capabilities ‘Best practice’ – principles?

The Debate in Practice: UN Integrated Missions: Organisational Unpredictability Reconciling humanitarian and political action Technical problems

The Challenges and Trends The ‘unpredictability’ of civilian responses –Capability –Organisational –Inter-departmental –Trends The ‘unpredictability’ of military responses –Doctrine and definitions –New competences – SSR –Unthinking acceptance of historical baggage – that nauseating phrase ‘Hearts and Minds’ –Trends

Questions?