INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION & INTERNATIONAL LAW

International Organization & International Law  4 Most Important Things to Know about IO  The Basics  How IO Evolved  Why IO has Expanded  IO  Increasing Cooperation  4 Most Important Things to Know about IL  The Basics  The Primitive Nature of IL  IL as a Western Phenomenon  Issues with Adherence to IL

~The Basics~ International Organization

What is International Organization?  Note ‘Organization’ is in the singular  How modern system organization changed Pre-Exploration Pre-CW CW Post-CW  Actors States, IGOs, NGOs, MNCs, etc  Issues Domestic Transnational

~How IO Evolved~ International Organization

Universal Concern for Humans  International Peace Conferences at The Hague (1899, 1907) International Peace Conferences at The Hague  Developed countries’ responsibility  League of Nations (1920)  United Nations (1945) Growth in membership  More IGOs, NGOs form

International Organization About the United Nations  Purpose  Structure  General Assembly  UN Security Council  UN Secretary General  Need to address transnational issues  UN System UN System  Effectiveness UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon

~Why IO Expanded~ International Organization

Expansion of IO  Increased international contact  Increased interdependence  Expansion of transnational problems  Failure of current state-centered system to provide security  Efforts of small states to gain strength through joint action  Provide role models

~Increased Cooperation through IGOs~ International Organization

Increased Cooperation through IGOs  Interactive Arena  Self-interest  NATO  Center for Cooperation  Functionalism  ECOWAS  Independent International Actor  Proactive  UN  Supranational Governance  Authority  EU Very traditional Less traditional More alternative Very alternative

~Recap~ International Organization

4 Most Important Things to Know about IO  What IO Is  How IO Evolved  Why IO has Expanded  IO  Increasing Cooperation

~The Basics~ International Law

The Basics  Based on customs, agreements, treaties  Increased over time More actors More contact  Increased interdependence Greater need to coordinate policies, actions

~Primitive Nature~ International Law

Primitive Nature  Not legislated  Based on customs & agreements  No overarching enforcement authority  Sovereign states pursue self-interests

~Western Phenomenon~ International Law

Western Phenomenon  European, then US domination  Father of International Law Age of Reason Natural Law Hugo Grotius ( )

International Law Western Phenomenon  Early law  war  Contemporary law  transnational issues  Differences between cultures Cultural relativism

~Adherence Issues~ International Law

Adherence  Compliance is voluntary  Means of enforcement  Most states obey international laws- Why?Why? Reputation Long-term benefits v. short term losses Employ means to convince states to comply So, is international law really law?  Sovereignty v. adherence

~Recap~ International Law

4 Most Important Things to Know about IL  What IL is  The Primitive Nature of IL  IL as a Western Phenomenon  Issues with Adherence to IL