Parts of a Cell

Plant and Animal Cells - Looking Inside Cells

Cell Wall Plants only Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff; made of cellulose Support, protection, allow movement of materials in and out

Cell membrane Both plants and animal cell Plant- inside of cell wall – Animals- outer layer; made of cholesterol – Selectively permeable Support and protection – Controls movement of materials in an out of cell – Barrier between cell and its environment – Maintain homeostasis

nucleus Both Large, oval Controls cell activities

- Looking Inside Cells Nucleus The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.

NUCLEUOLUS BOTH INSIDE OF NUCLEUS HOLDS GENETIC INFO

Nuclear membrane Both Surrounds nucleus; selectively permeable Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus

cytoplasm Both Clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane Support and protection of cell’s organelles

Endoplasmic reticulum Both Network of tubes or membranes Carries materials through cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins. - Looking Inside Cells

ribosomes Both Small bodies free or attached to E.R. Produces proteins

mitochondrion Both Bean shaped with inner membranes Breakes down sugar molecules into energy

Mitochondrion Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. - Looking Inside Cells

vacuole Plants have large but only a few – Animals have really small Fluid filled sacs Store food, water, waste – Plants need it big to store large amounts of food

lysosome Plants rarely – animals common small, round, with a membrane Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules digests old cell parts

chloroplast Plants only Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant

Golgi Body The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. - Looking Inside Cells