Module 2: Planning and Optimizing a TCP/IP Physical and Logical Network

Overview Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution Evaluating Network Performance

Lesson: Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution Reviewing IP Addressing IP Addressing for Private and Public Networks IP Address Subnet Requirements IP Configuration Methodology Guidelines for Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution Multimedia: Planning a TCP/IP Solution

Reviewing IP Addressing Classful Address NetworkHost Class B address Class B default mask Classless Address NetworkHost Subnet mask /20 Subnet Addressing structures Subnet masks

IP Addressing for Private and Public Networks Addressing scheme Use if the organization has AdvantagesDisadvantages Public Direct Internet access requirement Sufficient public addresses Addresses are owned Direct Internet access Costly to lease Growth is restricted Can be insecure Private No requirement for direct Internet access Insufficient public addresses available NAT Inexpensive Unrestricted growth Potentially more secure Requires a network translation device Requires some public addresses

IP Address Subnet Requirements Limitations to an IP Network Plan The number of logical subnets The number of physical subnets The host populations on both the logical and the physical subnets The number of logical subnets The number of physical subnets The host populations on both the logical and the physical subnets

IP Configuration Methodology Configuration typeWhen to use Manual DHCP server not available Small number of hosts Want control over addressing DHCP reservation DHCP server available Host needs to keep the same address Want to configure options on DHCP server DHCP dynamic DHCP server available Permissible to change host addressing Want to configure options on DHCP server APIPA DHCP server not available Client APIPA capable IP address control is not needed No need to centrally configure options

Guidelines for Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution IP address and subnet mask configuration Addressing structures for private network operation Addressing structures to allow subnet routing Methodology for consistent design of IP networks

Multimedia: Planning a TCP/IP Solution The objective of this presentation is to explain how to plan a TCP/IP solution in a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 network You will learn how to:  Create a TCP/IP plan customized to the needs of your organization  Select an address hierarchy suitable for a routed network  Size subnets for performance or client population

Practice: Planning a TCP/IP Solution In this practice, you will plan:  The number of subnets required  The IP addressing and subnet mask  An IP address configuration methodology

Lesson: Evaluating Network Performance Factors Affecting Network Performance Determining Network Performance Understanding Utilization Trends Tools for Evaluating Network Performance Network Upgrade Considerations Recommended Ethernet Utilization Guidelines Calculating Actual Data Throughput Planning for Future Growth Guidelines for Evaluating Network Performance

Factors Affecting Network Performance Factors affecting network performance Bandwidth Latency Throughput Capacity Wire speed Utilization Bandwidth Latency Throughput Capacity Wire speed Utilization Jitter Jabber Bottleneck Collisions Efficiency Frame rate Jitter Jabber Bottleneck Collisions Efficiency Frame rate

Determining Network Performance Number of Nodes Throughput (% Wirespeed) 100% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 90% 1518 byte frames 64 byte frames Utilization Latency in Seconds (Logarithmic Scale) %20%40%60%80%100% Quiet Busy Overloaded 600 Throughput (% wirespeed) 70% 50% 40% Number of Nodes 100% 80% 60% 30% 90% 1,518-byte frames 64-byte frames Utilization Latency in seconds (Logarithmic scale) 100% %20%40%60%80% Quiet Busy Overloaded Graph A: Ethernet ThroughputGraph B: Ethernet Utilization

Understanding Utilization Trends Utilization trends More devices Faster, less expensive computers More applications The Internet More devices Faster, less expensive computers More applications The Internet

Tools for Evaluating Network Performance Network performance evaluation tools Traffic-monitoring tools and protocol analyzers Hardware-assisted protocol analyzers Network-management software Handheld diagnostic tools Traffic-monitoring tools and protocol analyzers Hardware-assisted protocol analyzers Network-management software Handheld diagnostic tools

Network Upgrade Considerations What to consider: Utilization Current traffic sources Future growth Targets to be determined Repercussions of change Utilization Current traffic sources Future growth Targets to be determined Repercussions of change

Recommended Ethernet Utilization Guidelines Connection type Wire speed Average utilization limit Raw data throughput limit Peak utilization limit Peak data throughput limit Shared Ethernet 10 Mbps30 percent3.0 Mbps80 percent8 Mbps Shared Ethernet used for multimedia traffic 10 Mbps20 percent2.0 Mbps50 percent5 Mbps Switched Ethernet 10 Mbps 85 percent 8.5 Mbps90 percent9 Mbps Switched FDX Ethernet 10 Mbps190 percent19 Mbps190 percent19 Mbps Shared Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps30 percent30 Mbps80 percent80 Mbps Shared Fast Ethernet for multimedia traffic 100 Mbps20 percent20 Mbps50 percent50 Mbps Switched Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps85 percent85 Mbps90 percent90 Mbps Switched FDX Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps190 percent190 Mbps190 percent190 Mbps Shared FDX Gigabit Ethernet 1,000 Mbps60 percent600 Mbps120 percent1,600 Mbps Switched FDX Gigabit Ethernet 1,000 Mbps190 percent1900 Mbps190 percent1,900 Mbps

Calculating Actual Data Throughput ADT shows you how much usable data is actually being carried on the network Adding nodes and header information affects throughput You should measure throughput after data transmission Actual data throughput formula ADT = net utilization * efficiency rating * wire speed Net utilization = (utilization - collisions) Efficiency rating based on frame size ADT = net utilization * efficiency rating * wire speed Net utilization = (utilization - collisions) Efficiency rating based on frame size

Planning for Future Growth How to plan for future growth Anticipate significant future growth Use scalable products and technologies Be proactive, not reactive Test new applications Stay knowledgeable about current technologies Anticipate significant future growth Use scalable products and technologies Be proactive, not reactive Test new applications Stay knowledgeable about current technologies

Guidelines for Evaluating Network Performance Determine future growth needs Compare these capabilities to those of the existing network Determine if current technologies will solve enterprise network issues Review current Ethernet technologies’ capabilities

Practice: Evaluating Network Performance In this practice, you will  Determine if current utilization is appropriate  Identify ways of improving network performance

Lab A: Planning a TCP/IP Physical and Logical Network Exercise 1: Evaluating Network Performance Exercise 2: Planning a Logical TCP/IP Network Exercise 3: Measuring Network Utilization