Copyright © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND Internet Protocol

2 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. TCP/IP and OSI Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Process Application Layer Process Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Layer TCP/IP OSI Reference

3 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. TCP/IP Protocol Process Application Layer Process Application Layer Transport Layer Internet Layer Network Layer Telnet TFTP FTP SMTP NFS DNSPing DHCP TCP UDP ICMPARPRARP IP Ethernet Fast Ethernet Token Ring FDDI TCP/IP Reference

4 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Virtual Terminal Connections (Telnet) Telnet 프로그램은 원거리에 있는 컴퓨터 시스템을 마치 자신의 시스템 처럼 사용할 수 있는 하나의 응용 프로그램이다. Telnet Port 23 결과 로그인 요청및 원격 호스트에 대한 명령

5 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP 는 한 시스템 상에 있는 파일을 다른 시스템으로 전송하는데 사용되는 프로토콜이며, 두 컴퓨터 간의 데이터 교환을 위한 전송 수단으로는 TCP 프로토콜을 사용함. FTP Client FTP Server Application Layer FTP Transport Layer TCP UDP Application Layer IP Network Interface Application Layer FTP Transport Layer TCP UDP Application Layer IP Network Interface FTP Protocol 의 흐름 TCP Port : 21

6 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Domain Name Service (DNS) DNS 는 Domain Name Service 의 약자로써 인터넷에서 IP 어드레스를 호스트 이름으로 서로 매핑하기 위해서 개발한 것이다. IP Address 를 알려주세요 DNS 클라이언트 DNS Server

7 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Packet InterNet Groper (Ping) Ping 은 네트워크에서 두 호스트 사이간에 정상적으로 통신을 할 수가 있는지 확인하는 프로그램이다. Internet SystemA SystemB C:\>ping Pinging with 32 bytes of data: Reply from : bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=247 Reply from : bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=247 Reply from : bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=247 Ping statistics for : Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 20ms, Maximum = 70ms, Average = 82ms C:\>ping Pinging with 32 bytes of data: Reply from : bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=247 Reply from : bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=247 Reply from : bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=247 Ping statistics for : Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 20ms, Maximum = 70ms, Average = 82ms IP: IP:

8 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) TFTP 는 단순한 파일을 전송하는 프로토콜이며, 최소한의 기능만 가지고 있어 파일을 전송하는 프로토콜로 UDP 포트번호 69 번을 사용하고 있다.

9 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) SMTP 는 단순한 메일을 전송하는데 사용되며, POP3 는 메일을 수신하는데 사용된다. Interne t SMTP Server SMTP Protocol (Port 25)

10 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Network File System (NFS) NFS 는 다른 컴퓨터에 있는 파일시스템의 일부를 마치 자신의 컴퓨터에 있는 것처럼 사용할 수 있도록 해주는 것이 NFS 이다.

11 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server Switch HUB RouterA DHCP 클라이언트

12 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) IP 임대 요청 IP 임대 제공 IP 임대 선택 IP 임대 확인 응답

13 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Transport Layer TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

14 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 세션 설정 ( 벨 울림 ) 확인 (“ 여보세요 ”) 확인 (“ 네. 여보세요 ”) 데이터 전달 (“ 제가 전화한 이유는 ~”) 확인 (“ 네 ”) 세션 종결 (“ 안녕히 계세요 ”) 확인 (“ 네. 안녕히 계세요 ”) 송신측수신측 TCP 는 연결 지향형 (Connection Oriented) 처리를 통해 오류를 정정한다.

15 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Internet Layer IP (Internet Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

16 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Internet Protocol (IP) IP 는 한 번에 한 네트워크에 대해, 한 호스트에서 다른 호스트로 데이터를 이동시키는 역할만을 수행함. IP: IP: IP: SystemA SystemBSystemC RouterA

17 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) IP: IP: SystemASystemB 으로 전송되는 패킷 오류 : Network Unreachable

18 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) ARP 는 특정 IP 주소를 사용하는 시스템이 하드웨어 주소로 응답하도록 요청하는 하위 계층의 브로드캐스트를 네트워크에 전송하여 이 임무를 수행함. IP: IP: IP: IP: 의 하드웨어 주소는 ?.10 은 00:00:c0:c8:b3:27 SystemASystemBSystemC SystemD

19 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol Ethernet: IP = ??? Ethernet: IP: 내 IP 어드레스는 뭐죠 ? 당신의 IP 어드레스는 MAC 어드레스에 할당된 IP 어드레스 정보를 요청하는 패킷을 보냄으로써 디스켓이 없는 장비의 IP 어드레스를 알수 있음.

20 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Data 통신 절차

21 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. 일대일 데이터 통신

Copyright © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND IP Address Configuration

23 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP 주소를 통한 network component 와 host component 구분 IP 주소의 서브넷 마스크 계산법 파악 IP 주소에서 호스트 주소의 파악 IP 주소를 이용한 네트웍상의 라우터 주소 설정 목적

IP Address Overview Copyright © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICND

25 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. 32 Bits NetworkHost IP Addressing

26 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Addressing 32 Bits NetworkHost 8 Bits

27 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Addressing 32 Bits NetworkHost 8 Bits Bits

28 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: for multicast Class E: for research N = Network number H = Host number IP Address Classes NHHHNNHHNNNH

29 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Address Bit Patterns 1724 Class A: # Bits 0network #host #

30 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Address Bit Patterns 1724 Class A: # Bits Class B: # Bits 0network #host # 1network #host #0

31 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Address Bit Patterns 1724 Class A: # Bits Class B: # Bits Class C: # Bits 0network #host # 1network #host #0 1network #host #10

32 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Recognizing Classes in IP Addresses (First Octet Rule) High Order Bits Octet in Decimal Address Class – – – 223 ABCABC

33 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost

34 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. AddressClassNetworkHost Written Exercise: IP Address Classes A

35 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A

36 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A

37 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B

38 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B

39 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B

40 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C

41 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C

42 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C

43 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C

44 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C

45 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C

46 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C B

47 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C B

48 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C B

49 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: IP Address Classes AddressClassNetworkHost A B C C B Nonexistent

Configuring IP Addresses Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. ICRC_revision_11.3

51 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Host Addresses IP: IP: E0E NetworkHost.. NetworkInterface E0 E1 Routing Table

52 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Network Addressing without Subnets

53 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Network Addressing with Subnets

54 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Addressing E0E1 NetworkInterface E0 E1 Routing Table

55 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Addressing IP: IP: E0E NetworkHost.. NetworkInterface E0 E1 Routing Table Subnet

56 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Addressing IP: IP: E0E NetworkHost.. NetworkInterface E0 E1 New Routing Table Subnet

57 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Mask IP Address NetworkHost

58 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Mask IP Address Default Subnet Mask NetworkHost NetworkHost

59 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet Mask IP Address Default Subnet Mask 8-bit Subnet Mask NetworkHost Use host bits, starting at the high order bit position NetworkHost NetworkSubnetHost

60 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Decimal Equivalents of Bit Patterns = = = = = = = =

61 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Network Host Subnets not in use—the default Subnet Mask without Subnets

62 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. NetworkHost Subnet Network number extended by eight bits Subnet Mask with Subnets

63 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet

64 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B

65 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B

66 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B A

67 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B A

68 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B A A

69 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Subnet Masks AddressSubnet MaskClassSubnet B A A

70 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Subnet 의 계획 Other subnets 20 subnets 5 hosts per subnet Class C address: subnets 5 hosts per subnet Class C address:

71 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Host Address: Subnet Mask: Subnet Address = Host Addresses = – Broadcast Address = Eight bits of subnetting Network SubnetHost : : Subnet: Class B Subnet Planning Example

72 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. IP Host Address: Subnet Mask: NetworkSubnetHost : Subnet: : Class C Subnet Planning Example Subnet Address = Host Addresses = – Broadcast Address = Five Bits of Subnetting

73 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Broadcast Addresses

74 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Broadcast Addresses (Local network broadcast) X

75 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Broadcast Addresses (Directed broadcast) (Local network broadcast) X

76 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast Subnet Mask

77 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask

78 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask

79 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask

80 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A

81 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A

82 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A

83 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B

84 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B

85 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B

86 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B B

87 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B B

88 ICND Copyright © 2002, Systems, Inc. Written Exercise: Broadcast Addresses AddressClassSubnetBroadcast C Subnet Mask A B B