CHEMISTRY I Chapter 16 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEMISTRY I Chapter 16 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers

1. The convention is that the cation is written first in a formula, followed by the anion. For example, in NaH, the H is H -1 ; in HCl, the H is H The oxidation number of a free element is always 0. The atoms in He and N 2, for example, have oxidation numbers of 0.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 3. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion. For example, the oxidation number of Na + is +1; the oxidation number of N 3- is The usual oxidation number of hydrogen is +1. The oxidation number of hydrogen is -1 in compounds containing elements that are less electronegative than hydrogen, as in CaH 2.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 5. The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is usually -2. Exceptions include OF 2, since F is more electronegative than O, and BaO 2, due to the structure of the peroxide ion, which is [O-O] 2-.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 6. The oxidation number of a Group IA element in a compound is +1. The oxidation number of a Group IIA element in a compound is +2.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 7. The oxidation number of a Group VIIA element in a compound is -1, except when that element is combined with one having a higher electronegativity. The oxidation number of Cl is -1 in HCl, but the oxidation number of Cl is +1 in HOCl.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 8. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a neutral compound is The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion. For example, the sum of the oxidation numbers for SO 4 2- is -2.

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers 10. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion. For example, the sum of the oxidation numbers for SO 4 2- is -2.