کارایی وقتی خطا وجود نداردکارایی در حالت واقعی ( وجود خطا ) Stop-and-Wait ARQ Selective-Repeat ARQ Go-Back-N ARQ

Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses

IPv4 4 Octets, each of them is 8 bits (one byte), Total Length= 32 bits Depicted in decimal Example: O4O3O2O1 IPv6 8 Sections, each section includes 4 4-bit Total Length=128 bits Depicted in Hexadecimal (Base-16) Example: A203:3205:B4F1:9650:784C:21D0:8863:001E S 14 S 13 S 12 S 11 S 24 S 23 S 22 S 21 S 34 S 33 S 32 S 31 S 44 S 43 S 42 S 41 S 54 S 53 S 52 S 51 S 64 S 63 S 62 S 61 S 74 S 73 S 72 S 71 S 84 S 83 S 82 S 81

IPv4 Address Classes Loopback Test

Examples in Classes A,B and C CBAClass  Network Address Host Range Broadcast Address

فقط جهت اطلاع ( نیاز به نوشتن و حفظ کردن ندارد )

Invalid IP Addresses IP RangeClass to A to B to C Others are valid IP ranges

Same SubnetsDifferent Subnets

Default Subnet Masks

Subnetting is given We need 4 different subnets Subnet 1: /24 to /24 Subnet 2: /24 to /24 Subnet 3: /24 to /24 Subnet 4: /24 to /24

BinaryDecimal

Subnet Mask: or /27 6 subnets each of them includes 30 hosts Subnets  Network Address Host Range Broadcast Address is given. We need at maximum 4 different subnets Or We need at maximum 30 hosts per subnet 2 X – 2 ≥ Maximum Number of Required Subnets or Hosts/Subnet

Subnet Mask: or / subnets each of them includes 510 hosts 126…4321Subnets  … Network Address … *** Host Range Broadcast Address is given We need at maximum 110 different subnets 2 X – 2 ≥ Maximum Number of Required Subnets or Hosts/Subnet *** to (255 Hosts) to (255 hosts) =510

is given We need at maximum 7865 different hosts/subnet The Related Table?