Latin America - Argentina - Mexico To come - Brasil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador

Basic Facts Mexico –Population: 110 million –GNI per capita (PPP): $12,000 –Growth in : 3.7% 1995 – 2000: 5.6% 2000 – 2005: 1.8% Argentina –Population: 40 million –GNI per capita (PPP): $11,670 –Growth in the : 2.1% : - 5%

“Que dicen los pobres” Voices of the poor, in Mexico 3,000 “poor” people (adults) were interviewed They were asked to name and rank the most important aspects of deprivation and the said: 1.Income 2.Access of drinking water 3.Education 4.Health 5.Nutrition 6.Shelter

Datasets Mexico: ENIGH (Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y gastos de los Hogares). Nationally representative. Years: 1994, 2000, Argentina: EPH (Encuesta Permanente de Hogares). Urban, 60% total population. Years: 1995, 2000, 2003 Unit of Analysis: Individuals – Households Poverty measures regularly used: –Poverty Line (Food, Capabilities, Patrimony): H income –Unsatisfied Basic Needs: H

Selected Indicators & Deprivation Cutoffs IndicatorDeprivation Cutoff INCOMEFood Poverty Line: aprox US$ 2 a day RUNNING WATERNot having tap water in the dwelling SCHOOLING OF HHHead of the household with 4 or less years of schooling CHILD IN SCHOOLAt least one child (6-16) not attending school SHELTER Argentina: wall material – mud, cardboard, metal Mexico: unfinished floor SANITATIONNot having flush toilet or pit latrine. (MDG).

RESULTS - Argentina and Mexico

ARGENTINA Incidence of deprivations Yearsweighting schemes Indicator equal weight' ranking weights' Income: Food poverty Running water Child in school Schooling of HH Sanitation Shelter Total population 17,587,31621,315,256 21,734,414 66

ARGENTINA H and Mo for different k values - Ranking weights kDeprivation headcount (H) M Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003

M0=0.016M0=0.018M0=0.032 ARGENTINA Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=3 and ‘ranking’ weight

ARGENTINA H and Mo for different k values – ‘equal weight’ kDeprivation headcount (H) M Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003

ARGENTINA Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weight M0=0.035M0=0.032M0=0.046

MEXICO Incidence of deprivations Years Equal weight Ranking weight Indicator Income: food poverty Income: capability Running water Child in school Schooling of HH Sanitation Unfinished floor Total households19,692,85023,667,47926,541,327

MEXICO H and Mo for different k values – Ranking weight k Deprivation headcount (H) M0M Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006

MEXICO Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ranking weight M0=0.041M0=0.036M0=0.048

MEXICO H and Mo for different k values – ‘equal weight’ k Deprivation headcount (H) M0M Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006

MEXICO Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weight M0=0.041M0=0.036M0=0.048