Conditions/Diseases of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Bones become thinner and weaker with age Osteoperosis begins between ages 30 and 40 Women lose 8% of bone mass per decade, men 3% Clinical Conditions Osteoporosis

Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine “S” shaped Occurs most often in the thoracic region Most common during adolescence and girls are more prone to developing the condition If muscles on one side of the body are not functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug on the spine and force it out of alignment Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent deformity or breathing difficulties

Clinical Conditions Gigantism Childhood hyper secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth. Pituitary dwarfism Growth hormone deficiency in children resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.

Fractures - A break in the bone Closed – bone breaks cleanly Open – the broken bone ends have broken through the skin Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does not break (seen only in children)

Spiral fractures Figure 6–16 (4 of 9)

Figure 6–16 (6 of 9) Colles’ fracture

Figure 6–16 (7 of 9) Greenstick fracture

Comminuted fractures

Figure 6–16 (9 of 9) Compression fractures

Depression fracture of the skull

Fixing an Open Fracture Video 2

Symptoms of Fractures Swelling PAIN/Tenderness Deformity – unnatural angle or position Bruising/discoloration Inability to move body part - bear weight Grating sound - squeaking Exposed fragments Sometimes no symptoms

Sprains - An injury to a ligament Mild (1 st degree) – overstretched ligament Moderate (2 nd degree)– partial tear Severe (3 rd degree) – complete tear

Ankle Sprains

Symptoms of Sprains Swelling Tenderness Pain in motion Bruising/discoloration Joint laxity

Strains - An injury to a muscle/tendon Symptoms: Swelling Tenderness Pain Bruising Deformity

More conditions Tendonitis – inflammation of the tendon

Examples of Strains

Definition A skeletal joint is a point at which two bones meet. This is sometimes called an articulation.

DislocationsDislocations - Displacement of the bone The joint is pushed beyond its normal range of motion Symptoms: Deformity of joint Severe pain Swelling around joint Bruising Inability to move injured area

More Conditions Bursitis – inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint Bursa – small sac containing fluid that lies between tendons and bones

Arthritis - Inflammation in and around the joint 100 different types; most common disease in the world Symptoms Joint stiffness Pain on movement Local weakness Swelling

First Aid R – rest I - ice C - compression E - elevation