Kinds of Psychotherapy Part 1

Objectives Summarize therapy Describe what a psychotherapist does What is psychoanalysis and analyze some techniques associated with it Describe the psychodynamic theory and analyze some techniques associated with it List the four behavior therapy Methods techniques

Kinds of Psychotherapy Psychotherapists want help clients: Think about their lives Find solutions to problems that plague them Philosophy and methods of different types of psychotherapy vary

Psychodynamic Therapy Psychoanalysis is a method of “depth” psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts “talking cure” Analysis of dreams, memories

Technique of Psychoanalysis Free association in psychodynamic therapies, the process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts Person talking on couch; therapists says very little No rush to solve problems Come in for anxiety or headaches, may take years to get to symptoms; because just tip of “iceberg”

Psychodynamic therapy Psychoanalysis A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud, emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts Free association In psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind chapter 12

Freud's method= Modern day Psychodynamic therapy- share goal of exploring the unconscious dynamics of personality BUT different than Freudian analysis in different ways Deeper therapies

Psychodynamic therapy Other psychodynamic therapies also explore unconscious dynamics, but differ from Freudian analysis. Transference In psychodynamic therapies, a critical step in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts with parents, onto the therapist chapter 12

Psychotherapy techniques transference- client transfers (displacement), emotional elements of his or her life (usually feelings about one’s parents), outward to the analyst Ever immediately disliked someone, then realized person was just like relative? Similar to transference Self defeating habits

Behavior and Cognitive Therapy Not worried about past, parents, unconscious anxieties Want to know reinforcers in environment Want to understand thought process, beliefs Behavior therapy- applies classical and operant conditioning 4 METHODS

Behavior therapy A form of therapy that applies classical and operant conditioning to help people change own defeating or problematic behaviors chapter 12

Method # 1 Exposure Graduated exposure in behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia or panic attacks, is gradually confronted with the feared object or situation until the anxiety subsides For example: Air travel. Drive by airport, go into terminal, get on plane, all the time seeing a psychotherapist.

Graduated exposure In behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory, until the anxiety subsides chapter 12

Exposure continued Flooding in behavior therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation until his or her panic subsides Agoraphobia= take to a dept. store, subway Different than psychodynamic would analyze why afraid but Behavior takes right to spot

Flooding A technique whereby a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is taken directly into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides chapter 12

Method #2:Systematic desensitization Step by step process, breaking down client’s conditioned associations Older technique, 1958 Based on counter conditioning – rabbit and ice cream Usually use relaxation= Pair relaxation with feared stimuli For example: Spiders- read charlottes web, look at pics. of cute spiders, look at pics. of tarantulas, observe real spider, each step more relaxed

Systematic desensitization A step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience Based on counter conditioning chapter 12

Method #3 Behavioral self monitoring 2 examples Identify reinforcers that are supporting your unwanted habits= For Example -attention from others, temporary relief from tension or unhappiness, money or free meal (tangible) Method= keep record of behavior Overeater does not realize how much they eat eat when relieving stress or tension. Chart it Mom says kid “always” throws temper tantrums- behavior record will show who, when, where, tantrums occurred Then treatment program designed – find way to reduce stress- exercise:

Behavioral self-monitoring A method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of a behavior to be changed chapter 12

Method #4 Skills training Don’t be shy? (but can’t make small talk) Don’t yell (but can’t express themselves) Only problems need solutions Operant techniques- role playing, modeling Shy -learn to focus on other people Anger management= parents classes on how to discipline children

Skills training An effort to teach a client skills or new more constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones chapter 12

Summary 1.Psychoanalysis 2.Psychodynamic 3.Behavior