Immigration

Push Factors 1. Population Growth- Europe had better sanitation and food leading to overcrowding 2. Agriculture Changes- Landlords forced small tenant farmers off the land due to finding new ways to farm large tracts of land. Cities grew farmers supplied the food. 3. Crop Failures- Small farmers looked for new opportunities in America.

Push Factors 1. Industrial Revolution- Artisans put out of work, factories making goods faster and cheaper. 2. Religious and Political Turmoil- Quakers left fled Norway and Jews left Germany.

Pull Factors 1. Freedom- U.S. offered all kinds 2. Economic Opportunity- U.S provided land that immigrants sought to provide for their families. 3. Abundant land- Louisiana Purchase provide plenty of land for Americans as well as Immigrants

Immigration prejudice  Thousands of immigrants come to America Leads to prejudiceLeads to prejudice Native born Americans will be know as nativist.Native born Americans will be know as nativist.  Three main groups: 1.Scandinavians 2.Germans 3.Irish

Second Great Awakening  Renewal of religious faith There is a huge movement in society to become more selflessThere is a huge movement in society to become more selfless  Temperance Societies- campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol Led by wives because husbands were spending most of their earnings on alcohol.Led by wives because husbands were spending most of their earnings on alcohol.

Women Reforms  Labor Unions- In response to poor working conditions StrikesStrikes  Dorthea Dix- Cared for the mentally ill

Creating Ideal Societies  Utopia- a perfect society New Harmony, IndianaNew Harmony, Indiana Brook Farm, MassachusettsBrook Farm, Massachusetts  Aimed to creating a better society for everyone. Not looking out for just yourself, wanted to uplift everyone.Not looking out for just yourself, wanted to uplift everyone.

Abolitionists Movement  Called for the end of slavery  Grimke Sisters- Southern sisters who joined the movement and spoke out against slavery.  Fredrick Douglas  Sojourner Truth “Declare the Truth to the people” Devout ChristianDevout Christian

Underground Railroad  An aboveground series of escape routes from the South to the North. Runaway slaves traveled on foot, wagons, boats, and trainsRunaway slaves traveled on foot, wagons, boats, and trains  Move at night and hid during the day StationsStations  Attics and cellars  Leaders of the RR were called conductors. Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman  Escaped slavery before she could be sold Suffered fainting spellsSuffered fainting spells Made 19 trips on the RR and never lost a personMade 19 trips on the RR and never lost a person  Carried a pistol to scare off slave hunters  Medicine to quiet crying babies  Saved her parents

Women Reformers  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Lucretia Mott They were both very out spoken on the status of womenThey were both very out spoken on the status of women Attended a World Anti-Slavery Convention in London but not allowed inAttended a World Anti-Slavery Convention in London but not allowed in  Women were not allowed to: VoteVote Sit on juriesSit on juries Hold public officeHold public office

Seneca Falls Convention  Mott and Stanton decided to hold their own convention Seneca Falls, NYSeneca Falls, NY men and women attended the convention men and women attended the convention Fredrick DouglassFredrick Douglass  There they drafted a resolution that modeled the Declaration of Independence Declaration of Sentiments and ResolutionsDeclaration of Sentiments and Resolutions It was widely accepted except the right of “suffrage”It was widely accepted except the right of “suffrage”