College of Engineering Discovery with Purpose June 1, 2011 Introduction to REU Students on Wind Energy Science, Engineering, and Policy James McCalley

College of Engineering Overview Need for scientific, engineering, and technological leadership in wind energy for US future Wind energy in Iowa Wind Energy companies Overview of REU program schedule 2

College of Engineering The need…. Today’s US electric gen capacity: 1100GW Today’s US wind: 38GW Emissions, cost, resilience requires GW of wind by “…the level of US graduate programs is well below similar graduate programs in Europe (Denmark, Germany, etc). At this rate, the United States will be unable to provide the necessary trained talent and manufacturing expertise. Unless this trend is reversed, even with major new wind installations in the United States, most of the technology will be imported, and a significant portion of the economic gains will be foreign rather than domestic.” - DOE, “20% by 2020”, Jobs Trained people  Few trained people!  Many jobs! More than 50% of the people entering the wind workforce do not have the technical skills to perform the job they were hired for 46% of all engineering jobs in the utility sector could become vacant by Leveling of college-age population to Explosive growth in need for science/engr skills in other sectors require energy field to compete for limited talent pool. - & the problem…

College of Engineering Wind energy in US by year 4 Two reasons for downturn: Economy (reduced demand, tighter lending), cheap natural gas.

College of Engineering US Wind Capacity by state 5 Midwest is among richest US wind regions; Iowa is a leading state: installed wind capacity of 3670 MW (2nd in nation) percent electric energy production from wind of 15% (1st in nation) An interactive Iowa “energy” map...

College of Engineering The wind energy industry, with examples 6 …and advocacy organizations, AWEA ( IWEA

College of Engineering The Iowa wind energy industry 7 The proximity of Iowa to other wind- rich states has influenced many manufacturers & developers to locate here.

College of Engineering The Iowa Wind Energy Industry – Manufacturers, Component suppliers, maintenance/service orgs 8 Clipper Windpower, Cedar Rapids Siemens Power Generation, Ft Madison Acciona Energy, West Branch TPI Composites, Newton Sector 5 Technologies, Oelwein Heartland Energy Solutions, Mt Ayr Trinity Structural Towers, Newton Goian North America, Ankeny Generation Repair and Service, Story City ~200 Existing Iowa Manufacturers in Turbine Supply Chain Market share of total US wind fleet (2009)

College of Engineering The Iowa Wind Energy Industry – Utilities/ developers 9 MidAmerican Energy Company Alliant Energy Services NextEra Horizon John Deere Wind, Johnston Ownership by company (2009)

College of Engineering 10 Summer Schedule

College of Engineering 11 Lunch and learn Lunch & learn ISU research team UG research team Individual research projects Archived presentations and other materials Field trips Social events Final week activites

College of Engineering 12 Short course 8 a.m. on days indicated in 3041 Coover HoursDateInstructorTopic 16/2McCalleyUS & world - past growth, current & future role in energy portfolio 16/2SriSoils, foundations, towers - design load requirements 16/3TakleOverview of wind patterns 16/3TakleStructure&diurnal/seasonal evolution of atmospheric boundary layer 16/6RajagopalanPower train issues (invited) 26/7SarkarAerodynamic load on blades 26/8AliprantisAC vs. DC and three-phase AC and electric components 26/9McCalleyWind energy influence on power system operation/storage 16/10DeppeImpact of surface conditions on vertical profile of horizontal winds 16/10TakleAtmospheric issues 16/13KesslerComposite materials for wind turbine blades 16/13JilesMagnetic materials for wind turbines 26/14Peters Manufacturing for blades, towers, nacelle & components/Transportation of oversized loads and supply chain 16/15Ashlock/SchaeferConstruction engineering – limits and cost benefits 16/16BrascheNondestructive evaluation, turbine health monitoring, reliability 26/16WangPolicy and incentivization 16/17McCalley/AliprantisTransmission technologies & requirements 16/17PetersEnd of life planning

College of Engineering 13 Lunch and learn On Tuesdays, we will organize “Brown-bag Lunch and Learn” to offer live interactive presentations with industry experts. These presentations will offer students an opportunity to engage with industry experts from various sectors, including the National Labs, manufacturers of wind turbines and related components, wind farm developers and operators, wind turbine construction companies, maintenance providers, weather prediction consultants, electric utilities, Independent System Operators, representatives from advocacy organizations such as the American Wind Energy Association and its local branch -- the Iowa Wind Energy Association (IWEA), and policy makers. Although we could populate these lectures with the wealth of local industry resources, we will expand the pool of possible presenters at the national and international level using Webinars.

College of Engineering 14 ISU research team The student will be assigned to an ongoing ISU research team involving at least one faculty (likely their faculty mentor) and at least one graduate student. The student will participate in the scheduled weekly meetings of the research team. In addition to providing technical perspective and personal relationships, this experience will imprint an authentic and lasting image in the student’s mind of life as a graduate student in a research institution.

College of Engineering 15 UG research team Each student will be assigned to a team comprised of 3-4 REU students to define a research problem related to the work of the ISU research teams. Since the UG research team members will most likely have assignments on different ISU research teams, addressing these problems will require bridging across different ongoing ISU research efforts.

College of Engineering 16 Individual research project The student and faculty mentor will define an individual research project that the student will be responsible for completing during the 10-week period. Each student’s project will synergistically contribute to the larger objectives of the UG research team, which in turn will relate to the activities of the various ISU research teams in which the UG research team members are involved. The individual research projects will expose students to the entire cycle of the scientific method (problem definition, literature search, hypothesizing, testing, analysis and conclusion, and reporting). They will also be selected to give students a sense of responsibility for their contribution to wind energy related-research.

College of Engineering 17 Archived industry presentations and other materials We will develop a website offering downloadable recordings of industry presentations. These recordings will be obtained each year from annual events in which ISU is involved that include presentations by wind industry experts. The ISU Wind Energy Short Course is offered annually in October and includes 2-3 days of focused instruction related to wind industry issues of current high significance to the industry. Content offered in 2010 included tall tower technology, electric system operations with high penetrations of variable resources, and high-voltage transmission plans for moving wind power out of the Midwest. We expect to build a library of at least 50 recordings on a searchable website that our REU students can use to supplement their educational experience during the program. See Written materials: Other ISU Wind info:

College of Engineering 18 Wind farm development process The process of developing a wind farm project is complex and involves the following steps: wind resource assessment, economic analysis, financing, environmental studies, community outreach, land acquisition, permitting, turbine siting, wind turbine selection collection circuit design, transmission interconnection analysis, equipment supply, construction, testing and commissioning, operation and maintenance, and retirement. Each summer, we will identify an Iowa site under development, we will engage engineers performing that development, and we will assign each student to perform an in-depth exploration of one phase of the process for the identified site. The assignment will be made to most closely complement the student’s individual research project.

College of Engineering 19 Field trips We will arrange 5 field trips per year. Target sites, all in Iowa, include the Story County 300MW wind farm owned by NextEra, Trinity Structural Towers, TPI Composites, MidAmerican Energy Company Control Center, ClipperWind, Acciona Turbine-Generator Assembly, Siemens Wind Blade Facility, and the NextEra Generator Repair and Service Facility.

College of Engineering 20 Social events See Mentor/Intern Picnic hosted by the Office of the Executive Vice President and Provost to be held on Sunday, June 12, 2011, 3:00-6:30, Brookside Park. We will identify some more activities for you.

College of Engineering 21 Concluding week The last week of the program will include 2 half-day workshops, with overall goals to stimulate student/faculty/industry discussions of research progress and potential, to improve future REU programs, to recruit both future REU students and future graduate students, and to disseminate information about opportunities for underrepresented groups. Workshop 1: will include ISU faculty, graduate students, and industry partners where each REU student will provide a 20-minute presentation, disseminated by Webinar, which reports on results of their individual research project, their contribution to the team-based project, a proposed approach for their assigned phase in developing a wind farm, and how they perceive their overall work to relate to the objectives of their assigned research project. Special effort will be made to bring local industry on-campus to participate, particularly someone from the company developing the wind farm used in the wind farm development process assignment. Workshop 2: will include high school students and teachers from Iowa where each REU team will have opportunity to reflect on what they learned together with program strengths and weaknesses. Students will also prepare posters of their work for inclusion in a campus-wide REU event on Friday August 5. The week will conclude with breakfast with the Dean of the College of Engineering, a send-off social, and exit interviews.