© CSCOPE 2008 Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution)

© CSCOPE 2008 Key Understanding Geographic factors that allow advances in agriculture create a stable food supply which permits the development of a society.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Life After Agriculture Food Supply Shelter Social Structure (government & religion included) Art & Innovation Specialization Language

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Food Supply Food gatherers as opposed to food producers Nomadic – roaming existence –As the food in an area was consumed, man moved on, looking for another food supply –Followed the migration patterns of the herds.

© CSCOPE 2008 A family of hunters and gatherers in south Texas gathering tuna and making baskets in their camp. Painting by Frank Wier.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Shelter Nomadic people lived on what the environment could provide, such as caves or temporary shelters made of wood and hides.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Social Structure Social Structure was based on the family. A group of families is called a clan.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Art & Innovation Limited Art & Innovation Some drawings and art work have been found. –Lascaux Cave Painting in France Primitive weapons and tools –Sewing needles –Use of fire

© CSCOPE 2008 From cave paintings at Lascaux, France

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Specialization Subsistence lifestyle dictated that the number one priority for all family members was to find food.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life Before Agriculture Language Only verbal communication was used. Symbols were used to mark places of importance.

© CSCOPE 2008 As man learns to farm, he is able to settle in one place and able to acquire more things. Although known as a revolution, these changes occurred independently throughout the world over the course of several thousand years. Development of Agriculture

© CSCOPE 2008

Life After Agriculture Food Supply Food Producing: planted, tended, harvested, and stored crops. Domesticated animals are used for food and as beasts of burden. Hunting supplemented the food supply.

© CSCOPE 2008 Sedentary Farmer

© CSCOPE 2008 Tibetan nomad herding goats and sheep, 2008 Nomadic Herder

© CSCOPE 2008 Use of mud bricks as building material Eventually stones were used, leading to rock being quarried and cut for building. Villages located near fields and other reliable food sources. (rivers/sea) Life After Agriculture Shelter

© CSCOPE 2008 Image 1: Skara Brae, looking south. Skara Brae is a neolithic village in Scotland that was inhabited from about 3100 B.C. to about 2500 B.C. The village was uncovered due to a storm in This view is to the south. The half-visible building beside the flag is the tourist information building.

© CSCOPE 2008 Image 2: Skara Brae, looking north. This picture was taken from the opposite direction of the first picture. You get a better view of one of the houses in this shot.

© CSCOPE 2008 Image 3: A Neolithic Home. The buildings would have been covered when they were used, but the covering deteriorated or was destroyed, and the houses were filled with sand over time. Eventually the entire village was buried. The walls were made of stone, but compost and refuse was piled up on the outside of the walls. Eventually this midden formed an insulating material that kept out the cold.

© CSCOPE 2008 Image 4: Corridor. While the houses had their own doors and the families had privacy, most of the buildings were linked together by way of corridors. This picture shows a close up of a corridor. The corridors were designed to cut down on drafts. They would have been covered, allowing people to stay within the village structure rather than brave the elements.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life After Agriculture Social Structure Complex social structures developed which involved when many clans began living in close proximity. Gender separation: –Men farmed, herded, and hunted. –Women did jobs near the home: child-rearing, food preparation, etc. Religion is believed to have been developed to explain the forces of nature. Governments developed to organize activities.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life After Agriculture Art & Innovation Carving and statuary, complex tools such as advances in weapons, plows pulled by animals, building techniques, cloth making and weaving Architecture and building for religious or common use

© CSCOPE 2008 Life After Agriculture Specialization People begin to specialize in various tasks: (tool maker), stone cutter, potter, basket weaving, early metallurgy. Regional resources are gathered and traded.

© CSCOPE 2008 Life After Agriculture Language Development of pictographic languages (Egyptian Hieroglyphic) or written language. Developed to keep records concerning food storage & trade.

© CSCOPE 2008 The Neolithic Revolution will lead to the beginning of civilization!

© CSCOPE 2008 Catal Huyuk In modern-day Turkey The largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date

© CSCOPE 2008 Catal Huyuk

© CSCOPE 2008 Catal Huyuk

© CSCOPE 2008 Catal Huyuk