Food Security, Environmental Change, Biodiversity, and Interdependencies Jeff Brawn Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences

From: IPCC 5 th Assessment (2014), Food Security and Food Production Systems

Ecological Services are essential elements of sustainable and resilient food systems Ecological Services are essential elements of sustainable and resilient food systems All components of food security - availability, stability, access, and utilization – are affected by environmental change (from anthropogenic or “natural” sources) All components of food security - availability, stability, access, and utilization – are affected by environmental change (from anthropogenic or “natural” sources) First Principles/Assertions

“Ecosystem goods and services represent the benefits human populations derive, directly or indirectly from ecosystem functions” (Costanza et al. 1997)

Sundstrom et al Food Security 6:

Climate change will affect supply and the ability of individuals to use food effectively by altering the conditions for food safety and changing disease pressure from vector, water, and food-borne diseases

Bebber et al Nature Climate Change Crop Pests Are Moving Poleward

The integrity of ecological systems can determine the diversity and the quality of ecological services The integrity of ecological systems can determine the diversity and the quality of ecological services Environmental changes alter ecological services and dis-services to food systems and food security Environmental changes alter ecological services and dis-services to food systems and food security The spatial scale of this dynamic can be local to regional The spatial scale of this dynamic can be local to regional