AP US Government & Politics Exam  Tuesday, May 15 (8:00 am morning session) Bring photo ID, pens/pencils, & DO NOT BE LATE  2 hour exam Section 1: Multiple choice =50% of your score ○ 60 questions (A-E) ○ 45 minutes ○ ANSWER EVERY QUESTION! GUESS GUESS GUESS! Section 2: Free response ○ 4 required questions =50% of your score ○ 100 minutes

AP Government Exam Info Topics % of Exam I. Constitutional Underpinnings of 5-15% United States Government II. Political Beliefs and Behaviors 10-20% III. Political Parties, Interest Groups, Mass Media 10-20% IV. Institutions of National Government: The Congress, the Presidency, the Bureaucracy, and the Federal Courts 35-45% V. Public Policy 5-15% VI. Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 5-15% Here’s a breakdown of coverage on the United States exam:

Many students believe they must make close to a perfect score to receive a 5. Nothing could be further from the truth. Exam contains a total of 120 points-60 from the multiple choice and 60 from the free-response questions. Here’s a typical score range from released exams. Score RangeAP GradeMinimum Percent Right percent percent percent percent percent

Unit 1 Review Topics  Important People to Know John Locke Charles de Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Jefferson James Madison Alexander Hamilton  Terms/Ideas  Majority rule  Checks and balances  Unitary system  Federalism  Dual federalism  Cooperative federalism (aka marble cake federalism aka fiscal federalism)  Expressed powers (aka enumerated powers)  Implied powers  Inherent powers  Reserved powers  Concurrent powers  Categorical grant  Block grant  Mandates  Devolution revolution

Unit 1 Terms Continued  Enlightenment  Natural laws  Articles of Confederation (“a league of friendship)  Shays’ Rebellion  Philadelphia Convention  Virginia Plan  New Jersey Plan  Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise)  Three-Fifths Compromise  Federalists  Anti-federalists  The Federalists Papers  Federalist No. 10 (Madison argued political factions are undesirable but inevitable. Believed that the excesses of factionalism could be limited by the republican govt. created by the Constitution.

3 Systems of Govt. A. __________ (power vested in a central govt.) B. __________ (decentralized system of govt.; weak central govt. Has limited power over the states) C. __________ (power is divided by a written constitution between a central govt. and regional govts.

Framers Choose Federalism- Intergovernmental Relations A. ______ _______ a system of govt. in which the national and state govts. Remain supreme within their own spheres. For ex. National govt. responsible for foreign policy, waging war. State govts. Responsible for public schools. Often called a “layer cake” B. _______ _________ national and state governments work together to complete projects. Often called a “ marble cake”

2010 state and local govts. Received about $480 billion in federal grants. (accounts for about 21% of all funds spent by state & local govts.  Types of federal grants (Ans. Choices: categorical grants, block grants, madates) A. _______ _____ funds provided for a specific and clearly defined purpose. Ex.money spent by states to build interstate highways B. _______ ______ Funds given to states for a broadly defined purpose. These type of grants give state broad discretion in how to spend the money. Fewer strings attached. Ex. Money given to the states for community development. C. _________ a rule that states what they must do to comply with federal guidelines. Civil Rights and environmental protection are the most common mandates.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Federalism AdvantagesDisadvantages 1. Encourages pluralism Federal systems expand government on national, state, and local levels, giving people more access to leaders and opportunities to get involved in their government. Leads to a lack of accountability: The overlap of the boundaries among national and state governments makes it tricky to assign blame for failed policies. 2. Practices pragmatism : Running a country the size of the United States, with such a diverse population, is much easier to do if power is given to local officials. Creates confusion difficult for citizens to know what different governments are doing 3. Ensures the separation of powers and prevents tyranny: Prevents the creation of a national policy: The United States does not have a single policy on issues; instead, it has fifty-one policies, which often leads to confusion.

Assignment Work with a partner select 2 of the units from the Table of Contents (next slide). Create a review “packet” for your topics. You will working on the review packet next week also. Counts for 33% of this 6 weeks grade!

AP Exam Review Table of Contents  Unit1 Constitutional Underpinnings & Federalism (Ch. 1-4)  Unit 2 Political Beliefs, Public Opinion, and Voting (Ch. 11 & 13)  Unit 3 Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media (Ch. 12, 15)  Unit 4 Congress & Congressional Elections (Ch. 7 & pp )  Unit 5 Presidential Elections, the Presidency, and the Bureaucracy (Ch. 8, 9, & pp )  Unit 6 Federal Judiciary (Ch. 10)  Unit 7 Federal Budget  Unit 8 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights ( Ch. 5 &6)  Unit 9 Public Policy (Ch. 17, 18, & 19)