Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2009 Instructor: Theresa Martin (CSM) Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health

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Levels of Body Organization Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

Figure 1.1

Figure 3.1

Cell Structure and Function Cells are the basic unit of life Cells are composed of chemicals Human cells have a membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Figure 3.14

Water a polar molecule

Properties of Water A great solvent A great reactant Good at holding temperature High heat of vaporization

Figure 2.9

Figure 3.14

The Cell Membrane Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that serve a variety of functions Semipermeable Allows passive transport and also has active transport (pumps) Has important communication functions

13 Figure The Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Diffusion

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9a

Figure 3.10 Bulk Transport

Figure 21.2a

Figure

Cytoplasm Contains cytosol and organelles Organelles have specific functions Enzymes catalyze most reactions

Figure 3.14

Figure 2.23 Proteins in the cells have a variety of functions including structural proteins, and enzymes. Enzymes catalyze almost all cellular reactions “metabolism” Enzymes

Figure 3.14

Cell Nucleus Contains genetic material - DNA DNA has genes on it. DNA is a double strand with two chains of nucleotides linked up anti-parallel

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