© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS.

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© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 INTRODUCTION Composition of communities Structure of communities Definition of ecosystem Dynamics of communities

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 DESCRIPTION OF COMMUNITIES Functional relationships between community members Using structure to define communities Structural terms of Australian plant communities

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 FUNCTION IN COMMUNITIES - 1 Energy flow –Capture of solar energy (photosynthesis) –Transfer of energy Food chains Food webs Productivity

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 FUNCTION IN COMMUNITIES - 2 Material flow Capture of important nutrients Material cycles

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 DYNAMICS OF COMMUNITIES Serial changes Longer-term changes

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 MEASURING LAND COVER CHANGE Aerial photographs Remotely sensed images Ground truthing

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 MEASURING HUMAN IMPACT ON VEGETATION Long-term monitoring systems Sediment-based approach

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 15 MANAGING NATIVE VEGETATION Reasons for conservation efforts Conflicts with the variety of land-use demands National Parks and Reserve systems Australia’s national obligations Regional approaches

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