University of Utah 1 Apple’s response Jef Raskin Apple Lisa (1983) -attempt to commercialize Xerox-style GUI -$10,000 -failure

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Presentation transcript:

University of Utah 1 Apple’s response Jef Raskin Apple Lisa (1983) -attempt to commercialize Xerox-style GUI -$10,000 -failure

University of Utah 2 Macintosh 1984 First commercially successful GUI computer $1,995

University of Utah 3 Macintosh Motorola processor -Based on PDP-11 architecture 128K RAM 3-1/2 floppy drive “closed” architecture

University of Utah 4 Macintosh commercial break!

University of Utah 5 Attack of the Clones IBM PC consisted primarily of 3 rd party hardware and software So what was truly IBM’s about it?

University of Utah 6 Attack of the Clones IBM PC consisted primarily of 3 rd party hardware and software So what was truly IBM’s about it? The BIOS! -and it’s copyrighted.

University of Utah 7 Compaq “Compatibility and Quality” Reverse-engineered BIOS -“clean room” technique Compaq Portable (1983) -$ pounds

University of Utah 8 Phoenix Technologies Also reverse-engineered IBM’s BIOS Sold BIOS chip to others -Opened the floodgates!...and the rest is history...

University of Utah 9 The others Not everyone embraced IBM standard -Commodore -Atari -Texas Instruments -Tandy / Radio Shack -Coleco -Sinclair / Timex

University of Utah Sinclair Research Sir Clive Sinclair Radios, calculators, watches......and computers! (1980)

University of Utah Sinclair ZX81 ZX81 (1981) -follow-on to earlier machine, ZX80. -Zilog Z80 processor -1K RAM expandable to 16K -BASIC in ROM -Black-and-white display

University of Utah Sinclair ZX81 ZX81 (1981) -follow-on to earlier machine, ZX80. -Zilog Z80 processor -1K RAM expandable to 16K -BASIC in ROM -Black-and-white display The price: $100

University of Utah Sinclair ZX81 demo

University of Utah Commodore VIC K RAM 6502 chip for processor VIC chip for color/graphics/sound -“video interface chip”

University of Utah Commodore VIC-20 Sold at normal retailers (K-Mart) Brilliant advertising -William Shatner as spokesman

University of Utah Commodore VIC-20 commercial break

University of Utah Commodore Same packaging as VIC-20, but much more powerful -64K RAM chip for processor -VIC-II chip for graphics 8 sprites -SID chip for sound 3 concurrent “voices”

University of Utah Commodore 64 Most popular computer of all time -30 million sold (1982 – 1994) -$595

University of Utah Commodore 64 demo

University of Utah Crash of ‘83 Jack Tramiel: “Business is war” January: price drops to $399 -February: $100 rebate -October: TI quits

University of Utah Crash of ‘83 Jack Tramiel: “Business is war” January: price drops to $399 -February: $100 rebate -October: TI quits Tandy/Radio Shack starts making IBM PC compatibles -Atari almost goes bankrupt

University of Utah Friendly Reminder If you haven’t already... -Mid-semester course evaluation -“Center for Teaching and Learning Excellence” Essay due Friday

University of Utah “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)