 Socrates, Plato, and Descartes were dualists- thought body and soul are distinct from each other  Aristotle was a monist – he believed the soul and.

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Presentation transcript:

 Socrates, Plato, and Descartes were dualists- thought body and soul are distinct from each other  Aristotle was a monist – he believed the soul and body were inseparable

 Socrates and Plato: Used logic Knowledge is innate (we’re born with it)  Aristotle Used data and observation Knowledge comes from experience First to examine mental processes such as thought, motivation, and emotional catharsis

 Rene Descartes Found nerves in dissected animals  Bacon first to use scientific method  Locke Argued for tabula rasa (blank slate)  Empiricism Observation and experimentation are most reliable method of knowing

 Wilhelm Wundt conducted first experiment in 1879  Measured lag between perception and awareness the-birth-of-experimental-psychology-how-do-we-measure-beginnings/

 Goal = find structural elements of the mind (not brain)  Edward Tichener used had subjects use introspection to describe experiences  Problems?

 Looked at evolved purposes of thoughts and emotions  Thought processes must be adaptive (based on Darwin)  Founded by William James (American)

 Led by Max Wertheimer  Focused on perception, insight, and problem-solving  Believed the whole is different from the sum of the parts  German rebellion against Wundt’s analytic mindset

 Started by Freud  Focused on describing and treating abnormal behavior  Problems come from previously unresolved conflict (unconscious)  Used dream analysis and free association in therapy

 Started by John Watson  Focus is on the observable and measurable  Describes how behaviors are learned and modified

 Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, 1980s  Rebelled against behaviorism and psychoanalysis  Focused on current environment, potential for growth, and needs for love and acceptance

 Counseling psychology Work with people with everyday problems Academic, career, relationships, grief,  Clinical psychology Work with patients with ongoing mental, emotional, or behavioral problems  Psychiatry Go to medical school Can prescribe medication and other physical treatments Also use psychotherapy

 Advise companies on organization, hiring, training, morale, and compensation of employees  Human factors psychologists study human/machine interaction Product design