French Revolution Scramble! Match the following: 1.Old Regime 2.Tennis Court Oath 3.3 rd Estate 4.Louis XVI 5.Storming of the Bastille 6.Paris Bread Riots 7.1 st Estate 8.2 nd Estate 9.Reign of Terror 10.Robespierre A.Jacobin who seized control of France and began the Reign of Terror. B.Parisian Women stormed Versailles in protest over rising prices of Bread. C.Nobility D.French Social Classes E.Time period during the revolution when over 40,000 people were executed for being enemies of the state. F.King of France who would be executed. G.Peasants H.Pledge taken by the 3 rd estate to stay together and create a fair constitution. I.Parisian mob stormed a prison in Paris looking for ammunition. J.Clergy

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte Born in 1769 on an island called Corsica – off the coast of Italy. – Napoleon was Italian NOT French. – But… he will rule France. At 10 years old his parents sent him to military school in France. – Napoleon was made fun of growing up because he was very small (only 5’2”) and had a thick Italian accent. However by 15 years old, Napoleon was leading military campaigns for France.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power The Italian Campaigns – 1796 – 1797 Napoleon conquered most of Northern Italy for France and had developed a taste for power. – In Northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble privilege.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power The Egyptian Campaigns – 1798 Napoleon was defeated by the British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. – Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France a received a hero’s welcome!

The Rosetta Stone Jean Champollion

Europe in 1800

Napoleon as “First Consul” With the French government in disarray, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’etat on November 9, – Coup d’etat = sudden overthrow of government. He proclaimed himself “first consul” (Julius Caesar’s title) and did away with the elected assembly (appointing a Senate instead). – In 1802, he made himself sole “consul for life.”

Napoleon Rules France Lycee system of Education – Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform. – Lycees initially enrolled the nation’s most talented students. They had to pay tuition to attend. – Lycees were created to train the nation’s future leaders and bureaucrats.

Napoleon Rules Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Sells French territory in America to Thomas Jefferson for $15 million (3 cents per acre!). – Good for U.S., bad for France…

Napoleon Rules France Code Napoleon (1804) – New system of civil laws – Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the French Revolution and provide all French people equal rights. “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” – Created one law code for France.

The Fall of Napoleon

Napoleon Makes Himself Emperor Napoleon becomes more power hungry as he ruled France as the “First Consul.” On December 2, 1804 Napoleon declares himself the Holy Roman Emperor. – Forces Pope Pius VII to crown him the Holy Roman Emperor. – But then steals the crown and does it himself…

Josephine’s Bedroom

Napoleon’s Throne

Napoleon’s Bed Chamber

Napoleon Builds an Empire By 1812, Napoleon had built one of the World’s largest Empires. – Annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany. – Conquered parts of Prussia, Austria, and Poland. Between 1804 and 1812, Napoleon sought to control all of Europe. – He used the French government to finance his military campaigns. – He built a large and strong French military. – Developed new plans for each battle so that the opposing forces could not anticipate what he would do next.

Napoleon’s Empire (1810)

The Problem of Great Britain The only country not under Napoleon’s control was Great Britain. Battle of Trafalgar (1805) – Napoleon tried to invade England – Launched a naval battle off Spain’s coast. – British smashed Napoleon’s fleet – Napoleon was humiliated and mad! Napoleon decides to wage economic warfare through the Continental system.

The Continental System Goal: to isolate Great Britain and promote Napoleon’s domination over Europe. – British ships were not allowed in European ports (this would keep supplies from moving in or out – choking off trade). – All British ships would be seized. Both Britain and France seized neutral ships suspected of trading with the other side – This eventually led to the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States.

The Continental System

Napoleon Video Clip

The “Big Blunder” - Russia In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia. – The Russians avoided a direct confrontation with Napoleon. – They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause]. – The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.

Napoleon at the gates of Moscow By September 1812, Napoleon’s troops had reached Moscow. The Russians used the “Scorched Earth Policy” - city was abandoned and burned to the ground, as well as all food supplies.

Moscow is on Fire!

Napoleon Retreats Napoleon retreats from Moscow in January – His troops starve and freeze to death. 100,000 troops retreat - only 40,000 survive – Napoleon rides in a coach, eating as his men suffer.

Napoleon Abdicates! Napoleon returns to Paris and is forced to abdicate (give up the throne). – Treaty of Fontainbleau – exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba with an annual income of $2 million Francs. The French loyalists restore Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoleon Escapes! Napoleon escapes Elba and heads back to France to reclaim power. This is the beginning of his 100 days campaign. Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) – Napoleon tries to defeat the Prussians and British at Waterloo. – Defeated by the Duke of Wellington!

Exile on St. Helena After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena. – Small island off West Coast of Africa. Dies of poisoning – possible hair product?

Napoleon’s Tomb

June 28, 1940 Hitler visits Napoleon’s Tomb