1 TECHNIQUES FOR CONCEPT SELECTION Feasibility Judgment Technology Readiness Assessment Go/no-go Screening Decision Matrix Method Numerous Concepts Gut Feeling State of Art Customer Requirements Absolute Relative Type of ComparisonTechniqueBasis of Comparison BEST CONCEPT

2 EVALUATION BASED ON FEASIBILITY* JUDGMENT What we think about it? Understanding + Experience * Feasibility: The quality of being doable

3 EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT Objective - is to determine the readiness of the technologies that may be used in the design concept. Immature technology will lead to a poor-quality product or cancellation of a project due to cost overruns. Time-Line for Technology Readiness TechnologyDevelopment Time Powered human flight403(1500 – 1903) Photographic cameras112 (1727 – 1839) Radio35(1867 – 1902) Television12(1922 – 1934) Radar15(1925 – 1940) Xerography17(1938 – 1955) Atomic bomb6(1939 – 1945) Transistor5(1948 – 1953) Digital camera High temperature super conductor ? ? Electric car ? …..

4 EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT Six measures to determine if a technology is mature: 1.Can the technology be manufactured with known processes? 2.Are the critical parameters that control the function identified ? 3.Are the safe operating parameters known ? 4.Have the failure modes been identified ? 5.Does hardware exist that demonstrates positive answers to the above four questions ? 6.Is the technology controllable throughout the product's life cycle ?

5 Displacement on Demand has been in works for the last 25 years….. finally: GM announces that the 2005 model year GMC Envoy XL, Envoy XUV and Chevrolet trailblazer EXT will be the first vehicles to showcase its innovative Displacement on Demand fuel-saving technology, which enhances fuel economy without compromising performance or the ability to carry heavy loads. Displacement on Demand is to be a standard feature in the vehicles' optional Vortec 5300 V-8 engine. The technology, which boosts the Vortec engine's fuel efficiency by 8 percent, is also to be introduced in other GM engines in the 2006 model year. EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT

6 Hybrid car EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT

EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT Electric car

8 EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT Film cameraDigital camera

9 EVALUATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT IncandescentLuminescentLED

10 EVALUATION BASED ON GO/NO GO SCREENING

11 Concept 1 Poncho Fender concepts Concept 2 Device attached to seat post and back of seat Concept 3 Spring loaded roll Concept 4 Sissy bar Concept 5 Device to brush-off water Concept 6 Half fender Concept 7 Standard fender with quick release

12 Evaluation Based on Go/No Go Screening Easy to attach Not rattle Long life Lightweight Not release accidentally For the sake of simplicity we’ll consider only 5 requirements

13 Goal is to compare each concept with the customer requirements in an absolute fashion. Each customer requirement must be transformed into a question to be addressed to each concept. The questions should be answerable as either Yes or Maybe (Go), or No (No-Go). If a concept has only a few No-Go responses, then it may be worth modifying the design rather than eliminating it. Evaluation Based on Go/No Go Screening -1 - no 0- maybe 1- yes

14 Evaluation Based on Go/No Go Screening The winner

15 Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix The method provides a means of scoring each concept relative to another in its ability to meet the customer requirements. This method tests the completeness and understanding of the requirements, identifies the strongest concepts, and helps foster new concepts.

16 Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix Decision-Matrix Form Concepts for Comparison Scores Totals Weights Customer Requirements The relative importance of requirements found using pair-wise comparison technique Concepts to be compared

17 Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix 1. Requirements Easy to attach Not rattle Long life Lightweight Not release accidentally For the sake of simplicity we’ll consider only 5 requirements

18 Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix We find the relative importance of these requirements using pair wise comparison technique: Easy to attach Not rattle Long life lightweight Not release accidentally Rating of relative importance: Equal 1 More important3 Strongly more important5 Very strongly more important7 Extremely more important9

19 " Which requirement is more important to the success of the product? Note: follow the rule “row is more important than column” Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix, Pair Wise Comparison Technique Relative importance of requirements Requirements

20 Generate scores (i.e. which customer requirements to use). Datum - the designer's favorite concept 0 - same as datum better than datum - 1- worse than datum Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix

21 Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix The winner Relative importance of requirements

22 EVALUATION OF SNOW SHOVEL DESIGN CONCEPT USING THE DECISION MATRIX METHOD Concept AConcept BConcept CConcept D

23 Concepts for Comparison Scores Totals Weights Customer Requirements The relative importance of requirements found using pair-wise comparison technique Concepts to be compared Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix

24 Requirements placed on a snow shovel: Easy to handle Removes snow fast Durable Concepts of a snow shovel design: A, B, C, D Which one to choose? Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix

25 The winner Datum Pair-wise comparison Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix

26 Concept AConcept BConcept CConcept D DatumWinner Evaluation Based on Decision Matrix

27 SPECIFICATIONS, CONCEPT GENERATION AND SELECTION SUMMARY Need Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 … Concept n QFD Functional Decomposition Morphological Analysis Ideation Brainstorming Patents Reference (Books, Trade Journals) Experts’ help Feasibility judgment Technology readiness Go/no go screening Decision matrix method Final concept Required functionality Design review 1 Design review 2

28 WHAT IS PDF?