What is Cancer? It is an abnormal growth of abnormal cells when not treated will end in death of the host.

Cancer Facts Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S. Cancer literally means “crab” 1 in 2 men & 1 in 3 women will get cancer 1 out of 8 will die of cancer 1,500 people per day die of cancer

Cancer Facts Number of new cancer diagnoses 2005: 1.4 million 2013: 1.7 million Leading Types of new cancer cases Prostate: 238,590 Breast: 234,580 Lung: 228,190 Colon: 102,480 Costs of Cancer in 2008 Medical: $77.4 Billion Lost Productivity: $124 Billion

Cancer Facts More Americans with history of Cancer are alive today than in the past: 2004: 10.8 Million 2008: 12.0 Million 2012: 13.7 Million Survival Rate: : 49% : 56% : 68%

Four classes of Cancer Lymphomas - cancers of the immune system Leukemias - cancers of blood-forming organs Carcinomas - cancers of the glands and linings (skin, lungs) Sarcomas- cancers of the connective tissue (bones, ligaments and muscles)

How Cancer Develops 1. Exposure to a carcinogen (an initiator) 2. Entry of the initiator into a cell 3. Change of the cells genetic material. (mutation) 4. Speeding up of the cancer by a promoter.

Types of Tumors 1. Benign - a harmless tumor that does not spread ( moles, warts, and cysts) 2. Malignant -a cancerous tumor that keeps growing

How Does Cancer Spread It metastasizes. Cancer cells migrate from one part of the body to another

Risks of Cancer 1. Tobacco - one third of all cancers are linked to tobacco use. 2. Radiation -sun’s UV rays, x- rays, above ground nuclear weapons, radon gas 3. Diet and Exercise -high meat, high fat, low vegetable, low grain intakes. Exercise reduces risks.

Cancers Causing Death in People Ages Brain - poor to good survival Breast - good 50% survival Hodgkin’s - good 54% survival Leukemia - poor to good Skin -excellent 90% survival Testicular - good 66-86% This assumes early diagnosis and prompt treatment

How Cancer is Treated 1. Surgery - remove the cancerous part 2. Radiation therapy -radioactive bombardment 3. Chemotherapy - anticancer drugs

Cancer’s 7 Warning Signals CC hange in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal U nusual bleeding or discharge T hickening or lump that suddenly appears I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing O bvious change in a wart or mole N agging cough or hoarseness

BSE’S Breast Self Exam Over age 40 Risk Factors for Women Breast cancer on the mothers side of the family; aunts, sisters, g-moms Early menstruation - before 11 No children, or first child after 35 Overweight High fat content in diet

BSE’S Best time: 7-10 days after menstrual period How to do a BSE In the shower, gentle lather, use pads of fingers Front of mirror, arms over head - look at size, color, or dimpling changes Lying down - with pillow perform “spiral or grid” method

TSE’S Testicular Self Exam Risk Factors for Men Age Undescended testicles Early puberty Family history Mother with breast cancer Race (higher in Whites) Overweight

Testicular Cancer Warning Signs Hard lump the size of a pea Heaviness in the testicles Enlargement of the testicle Dull ache in the groin Accumulation of fluid in scrotum Swelling other parts: neck, breast, groin

TSE’S When to do : monthly How to do a TSE Check in the mirror Do in the shower, this causes the scrotum to relax Use two hands: roll testicles between fingers and feel for lumps