1 Chapter 3 Matter and Energy 3.3Temperature Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2 Temperature Is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object. Indicates that heat flows from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature. Is measured using a thermometer. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3 Temperature Scales Temperature scales Are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Have reference points for the boiling and freezing points of water. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4 A. What is the temperature of freezing water? 1) 0°F 2) 0°C 3) 0 K B. What is the temperature of boiling water? 1) 100°F 2) 32°F 3) 373 K C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water? 1) 1002) 1803) 273 Learning Check

5 A. What is the temperature of freezing water? 2) 0°C B. What is the temperature of boiling water? 3) 373 K C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water? 1) 100 Solution

6 On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180°F between the freezing and boiling points and on the Celsius scale, there are 100°C. 180°F = 9°F =1.8°F 100°C 5°C 1°C In the formula for calculating the Fahrenheit temperature, adding 32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0°C to 32°F. T F = 9/5 T C + 32  orT F = 1.8 T C + 32  Fahrenheit Formula

7 Solving for °F Temperature A person with hypothermia has a body temperature of 34.8°C. What is that temperature in °F? T F = 1.8 T C + 32  T F = 1.8 (34.8°C) + 32° exact tenth's exact = ° = 94.6°F tenth’s Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8 T C is obtained by rearranging the equation for T F. T F = 1.8T C + 32 Subtract 32 from both sides. T F - 32 = 1.8T C ( ) T F - 32 = 1.8T C Divide by 1.8 =°F - 32 = 1.8 T C T F - 32 = T C 1.8 Celsius Formula

9 The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8°F. What is that temperature on the Celsius scale? 1) 73.8 °C 2) 58.8 °C 3) 41.0 °C Learning Check

10 3) 41.0 °C T C = (T F - 32°) 1.8 =(105.8° - 32°) 1.8 =73.8° = 41.0°C 1.8 Solution

11 A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale? 1) 423°C 2) 235°C 3) 221°C Learning Check

12 A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455°F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale? 2) 235°C T F - 32° = T C 1.8 (455° - 32°) = 235°C 1.8 Solution

13 On a cold winter day, the temperature is –15°C. What is that temperature in °F? 1) 19 °F 2) 59°F 3) 5°F Learning Check

14 3) 5°F T F = 1.8 T C + 32  T F = 1.8(–15°C) + 32° = – 27° + 32° = 5°F Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on your calculator to enter the minus – sign. 1.8 x 15 +/ – = –27 Solution

15 The kelvin temperature Has 100 units between freezing and boiling points. 100 K = 100°Cor 1 K = 1 °C Adds 273 to the Celsius temperature. T K = T C Of 0 K (absolute zero) is the lowest possible temperature. 0 K = –273 °C Kelvin Temperature Scale

16 Temperatures Table 3.6 Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17 What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins? 1) 236 K 2) 310. K 3)342 K Learning Check

18 What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins? 2) 310. K T K = T C =37°C =310. K Solution