بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وعلى الله التوكل. منظومة مبادئ الكيمياء العامة General Chemistry Chem 110 أستاذ المادة أ.د. حسن بن عبد القادر حسن البار Kau.edu.sa/halbar.

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Presentation transcript:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وعلى الله التوكل

منظومة مبادئ الكيمياء العامة General Chemistry Chem 110 أستاذ المادة أ.د. حسن بن عبد القادر حسن البار Kau.edu.sa/halbar 1430هـ

الباب الأول: دراسة بعض خواص الذرات والجزيئات والأيونات2 الباب الثاني: حسابات التفاعلات الكيميائية 3 الباب الثالث: التفاعلات في المحاليل المائية4 الباب الرابع: الغازات5 الباب الخامس: التوزيع الإلكتروني للذرات ومبادئ كيمياء الكم7 الباب السادس: خواص الجدول الدوري8 الباب السابع: الروابط الكيميائية9 الباب الثامن: الاتزان الكيميائي14 الباب التاسع: الأحماض والقواعد15 الباب العاشر: الاتزان الأيوني16 الباب الحادي عشر: بعض مبادئ الكيمياء العضوية24 الباب الثاني عشر: المبلمرات العضوية الطبيعية والاصطناعية 25 نماذج من الاختبارات الدورية والاختبارات النهائية جدول بالمصطلحات الكيميائية المنهجية باللغتين العربية والانجليزية

بعض مبادئ الكيمياء Principle of General Chemistry قانون بقاء المادة Conservation Law ظروف التفاعل Reaction Conditions المادة وتركيب الذرة Substance الروابط Bonds الأشكال الهندسية للمركبات الغازاتGass الاتزان Equilibrium الاحماض والقواعد Acid & Base التفاعل الكيميائي والحسابات الكيميائية Chemical Reactions الكيمياء العضوية Organic Chemistry خواص الجدول الدوري The Periodic Table الوحدات والقياسات Units & Measurements

لماذا تتعلم مبادئ الكيمياء Why ?

باب الأول الوحدات The Fundamental I nternational S ystem ( SI ) Units الوحدات الأساسية في النظام الدولى

Physical Quantities: Physical Quantity الكميات الفيزيائية Name of Unit أسم الوحدة Abbreviation أختصار الوحدة MassKilogramKg Lengthmeterm TimeSeconds TemperatureKelvinK Electric CurrentAmpereA Amount of Substancemolemol. Luminous Intensitycandelacd

(1) Density: The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. D = mass / volume D = Kg / m 3 (2) Volume: length x high x width V = m 3 (3) Speed: the distance traveled per unit of time. Speed = distance / time S = m / s = ms -1 (4) Acceleration: is the change in velocity over time. Acceleration = Speed / Time A = ms -1 / s = ms -2 (5) Force: is that which can cause an object with mass to change its velocity. Force = acceleration x mass F = ms -2 x Kg = Kgms -2 (6) Pressure: is the force per unit area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Pressure = Force / Area P = Kgm -1 s -2 (Pascal, Pa) (7) Energy: that describes the amount of work that can be performed by a force. Energy = Force x Distance E = Kgms -2 x m = Kgm 2 s -2 (Joule, J) Derivative Units

The temperature is measured with thermometer, No Kidding!!! Three systems of measuring temperature are widely used: 1- The C elsius Scale o C 2- The K elvin Scale K 3- The F ahrenheit Scale o F Temperature The first two temperature systems are used in the physical science and the third is used in many of the engendering sciences. The fundamental difference between the first two systems is in their zero points. Temperature (Kelvin) = temperature (Celsius) Temperature (Celsius) = Temperature (Kelvin) -273 Exc. Normal body temperature is 37 o C. Convert this temperature to the Kelvin scale. Answer: T (K) = 37 o C = 310 K

Prefix المقطع الأمامي للوحدة Symbol الرمز Exponential Notation TeraT1 x m GigaG1 x 10 9 m MegaM1 x 10 6 m KiloK1 x 10 3 m Decid1 x m Centic1 x m Millim1 x m Microµ1 x m Nanon1 x m Picop1 x m angestromAoAo 1 x m The prefixes used in the SI System 1 km = m mm pm 1 mg = kg g µg pg