Ms. Pennington Biology Chapter 20 Protista

Kingdom Protista Greek for 1 st eukaryote They are diverse – over 200,000 species They are NOT animals, plants, fungi or prokaryotes! (The misfits) They live in aquatic environments. They are the 1 st eukaryotes, what does that mean??

Classification: Scientists divide all the Protists into 3 large groups, they are: 1) Animal like –? 2) Plant like - ? 3) Fungus like - ?

Animal Like Protists AKA Protozoans They are heterotrophs Have four different ways of movement Four examples to know are: 1. Zooflagellates 2. Sarcodines 3. Ciliates 4. Sporozoans

1. Zooflagellates Protists that swim using flagella. Most have 1 or 2, but some have many. Some live within the bodies of other organisms.

2) Sarcodines These guys use pseudopods for feeding and movement. Ex: amoeba, remember seeing them move?

2) Ciliates Use cilia for feeding and movements Ex: Paramecium Trichocysts – small pointy structures for defense.

3) Sporozoans Don’t move on their own and are parasitic Reproduce by sporozoite – attaches itself to host, penetrates and lives within Ex: Plasmodium in a female Anopholes mosquito – causes Malaria!

Plant-like Protists: Have chlorophyll, CAN photosynthesize. Four examples to know: 1. Euglena 2. Chrysophytes 3. Diatoms 4. Algae

1) Euglena Euglena have flagella No cell wall Look for red spot!

2) Chrysophytes Have “gold colored” chloroplasts Ex: Yellow and golden algae

3) Diatoms Have thin, delicate cell walls made of silicon (which makes glass)

4) Algae Just like plants but totally aquatic (sea weed), producers for this ecosystem. Many colors – red, brown, green, blue- green. Used for food – ice cream, sushi.

Fungus-like Protists Bizzare creatures that absorb material from dead matter 1 example: slime molds

Commonalities: All eukaryotes Most are unicellular – not all Some live in colonies (groups), some multicellular Ex: volvox

Reproduction: Binary fission (asexual): Paramecium dividing in two Sometimes conjugation – sharing DNA

Humans and Protists Some Protists cause diseases like: Giardia – contaminated water African Sleeping Sickness- Carried by Tsetse fly Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum

Benefits: Oxygen production Producer in oceanic (and other aquatic) food webs Human food source too! Used for agar – hugely important in bio