Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reservedStrangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Many of the new immigrants did not fit the acculturation patterns that worked for other immigrant groups In 1923 the U.S. Supreme Court reversed previous lower-court decisions and ruled that Asian Indians were nonwhites and thus ineligible for citizenship under the terms of the 1790 Naturalization Act

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE ASIAN INDIANS In 1946 the Luce-Celler Bill removed Asian Indians from the “barred zone” Recent census counts identified over 540,000 foreign-born Arab Americans, a number that exceeds the combined foreign-born population from Greece and Spain

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE ASIAN INDIANS The Immigration Act of 1965 and the conditions in India contributed to the increase in Asian Indian migration

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved ARAB AMERICANS Arab is a broad term covering people of diverse nationalities, religions, and socioeconomic backgrounds More than 250,000 Arab Americans live in southeastern Michigan, giving that area one of the largest concentrations of Arabs outside the Middle East

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE A combination of harsh living conditions and Turkish oppression led many Syrians to leave Newly-arrived Syrians often replaced departing Irish American residents in old city neighborhoods in a pattern of invasion-succession Syrian males usually came alone and then sent for wives and children

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE PALESTINIANS Approximately 86,000 Arabs claimed Palestinian ancestry in 2008, with most of them living in Palestinian communities clustered in California, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Texas

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE PALESTINIANS Many recent Palestinian arrivals find employment in various working class trades Endogamy remains the norm among Palestinian Americans

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE IRANIANS Iran, formerly called Persia, is not an Arab country and the majority of its people speak their own language of Farsi Anti-Iranian feelings ran high in the U.S. in 1980, including verbal abuse and boycotts

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE IRANIANS Today’s second generation Iranian Americans grow up in a child-centered family with egalitarian norms

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE IRAQIS Iraqi immigrants who arrived before World War II faced very different political, social, and economic changes in the Middle East

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE IRAQIS About 38,000 Iraqi immigrants have arrived since 2000; in typical chain migration patterning, they settle where other Iraqis live, most particularly in Michigan (28 percent), California (19 percent), and Illinois (6 percent)

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE TURKS The U.S. Office of Immigration Statistics reports that more than 500,000 Turkish immigrants have come to the United States since 1820 Several factors explain the earlier low level of emigration from Turkey

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE TURKS Most Turkish immigrants who came before World War II were illiterate and secured jobs as unskilled laborers More recent immigrant are better educated and many are professionals

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved OTHER ASIAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN ASSIMILATION Structural assimilation among immigrant groups is rarely a first-generation occurrence For those who are not foreign-born, their multigenerational life in the U.S. means only vestiges of ethnicity remain

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved OTHER ASIAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN ASSIMILATION Those recent arrivals of middle-class background whose education and occupational skills enabled them to settle in upscale urban neighborhoods or suburban communities are part of the economic mainstream, but they often have not yet overcome social barriers to full acceptance

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The Functionalist View Functionalists point to the immigration laws ensuring either sufficient earning power in occupational preference or a support system in relative preference to indicate how the social system has been able to adapt relatively smoothly to absorbing newcomers

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The Functionalist View These better educated, skilled, connected individuals quickly adjust, contribute to the U.S. economy, and seem to integrate into American society with a minimum of problems Less-skilled non-Westerners have helped fill a population void in urban and exurban areas

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The Conflict View Economic competition between two wage-level groups generated ethnic antagonism and violence Tensions arise in the U.S. among African-Americans and Hispanics at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder who see foreign-born non-Westerners leapfrogging over them

Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS The Interactionist View Visual clues are a major means of categorizing strangers; different clothing or physical characteristics signal dissimilar types Because many immigrants can join the economic mainstream, their coworkers or neighbors assume that they have integrated socially as well Socially isolated, except on rare occasions, the non- Westerners by necessity interact with compatriots, remaining a generalized entity in the minds of members of the dominant group