1:8 Scholastic Journalism Journalism in schools

Scholastic Journalism Refers to journalism as practiced in: –College –High School –Junior High School –Middle School –Elementary School

Scholastic Journalism The legal guidelines for journalism in schools comes from: –The Supreme Court –State Legislation –School District Policy

Scholastic Journalism Three Major Supreme Court cases: –Tinker v. Des Moines, 1969 –Bethel v. Fraser, 1986 –Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 1988

Tinker v. Des Moines Established that students have First Amendment rights Students can express opinions at school as long as they do not materially and substantially disrupt the school day

Bethel v. Fraser Facts of the case –Two vocabulary words: Innuendo: Vulgar

Bethel v. Fraser Established that while students have the freedom to express themselves, the school has the right to determine HOW they express those opinions The school can limit vulgarity within its boundaries to ensure a positive learning environment for all students

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Did not reverse or overturn the Tinker decision, but placed more restriction on the student press or the expression that any activity may have. Administrators have the right to prior review and prior restraint

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier Prior review: Administrators have a right to see any publication before it goes to press Prior restraint: Administrators may prohibit publication or expression of a viewpoint for legitimate, pedagogical reasons

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier School administrators have to be viewpoint neutral –They cannot just censor expression because it is a different opinion than their own –They need to apply similar guidelines to all forms of expression

Scholastic Journalism Primary purpose of journalism in schools is to practice the craft of reporting, interviewing, editing and publishing –Student journalists need to be aware of the state, district, and school guidelines.