PAKISTAN STUDIES PRESENTER: AQEELA ASIF Assistant Professor

Introduction Aqeela Asif MA (History) University of the Punjab B.Ed AIOU BA University of the Punjab Diploma (English) NUML Joined CIIT January 27, 2004 Teaching Social Sciences Courses

Importance of Social Sciences Social sciences promote social sense among students Creates awareness among youth about social and political issues Promotes sense of responsibility and patriotism

To promote the knowledge of Pakistani culture and civilization. OBJECTIVES To sensitize students about the importance of Pakistan’s geographical and strategic position in South Asia. To promote the knowledge of Pakistani culture and civilization. To aware new generation about the current affaires and important pillars of Pakistan’s political system

cont. To aware the students with the meaning and significance of Pakistan’s foreign policy. Pakistan Studies as a compulsory subject. To develop the qualities of patriot Pakistani for understanding and full filling their duties and responsibilities.

cont. To develop the sense of belongingness to their motherland. To develop strong faith in the basic concepts of Pakistan’s ideology and introduction of Pakistan’s historical background. Text Book: Pakistan Studies by M. Ikram Rabbani Course outline

Tentative List of Lectures Lecture 1 Intro. to Pakistan Studies Ideology of Pakistan Lecture 2 Muslim Nationalism Lecture 3 Aims and objectives of the establishment of Pakistan Lecture 4 Land and the People of Pakistan I Lecture 5 Land and the People of Pakistan II Lecture 6 Land and the People of Pakistan III Lecture 7 History of Pakistan I (2500BC-712AD) Lecture 8 History of Pakistan II (712AD- 1526AD)

CONT. Lecture 09 History of Pakistan III (1526- 1800AD) Lecture 10 Evolution of Muslim Nationalism in India Lecture 11 Emergence of Pakistan Movement Lecture 12 Pakistan Movement – Historical events Lecture 13 Creation of Pakistan and Role of Muslim Leadership Lecture 14 Establishment of Pakistan I from 1947-77 Lecture 15 Establishment of Pakistan I from 1978- 2008 Lecture 16 Different ruler from 1947-2008

Cont. Lecture 17 Constitutional Developments in Pakistan I. Lecture 18 Constitution of 1956 Lecture 19 Constitution 1962, 1973. Lecture 20 Neighboring Countries China & Iran Lecture 21 Neighboring Countries India & Afghanistan Lecture 22 Pakistan’s Role in Regional & Inter. Organizations I: UNO, OIC, NAM Lecture 23 Pakistan’s Role in Regional & Inter. Organizations II: SAARC, ECO Lecture 24 Pakistan and the Muslim world I

Cont. Lecture 25 Pakistan and the Muslim world II Lecture 26 Pakistan’s Foreign policy I Lecture 27 Pakistan’s Foreign policy II Lecture 28 Current Issues and problems of Pakistan I Lecture 29 Current Issues and problems of Pakistan II Lecture 30 Economy of Pakistan Lecture 31 Industrial sector: Problems & Solutions Lecture 32 Agriculture sector: Problems & Solutions

Lecture # 1: What is an Ideology? “A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explain and justifies a preferred political order, either existing or proposed and offers a strategy ( institutions, processes programmers) for its attainment. (ref. Ideologies & Modern Politics, Reo M.Christenson) “An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, and an explanation of the present and a vision of the future.” ref. Ibid.,p.4.

HOW IDEOLOGIES EMERGES? “An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in the society, and when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies them” (ref. Ibid.,p.7.)

CONT. HOW IDEOLOGY EMERGES? Rejected social position Time of crisis Social group Social stress

Cont. IMPORTANCE OF AN IDEOLOGY Ideology is a motivating force for a nation which is striving hard to bring stability to its nationhood. It provides the cement binding base to the scattered groups in a society and bring them closer to each other on a common platform.

BASIS OF PAKISTAN’S IDEOLOGY A balanced political system based on Islamic philosophy Two Nation Concept Historical background Culture and civilization What are the aims and objectives of the creation of Pakistan?

Aims and objectives of the creation of Pakistan Enforcement of the Sovereignty of the Allah Almighty Establishment of the Islamic Democracy Revival of Muslim image and Identity Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization Two nation Theory To get rid of the prejudicial Hindu majority Establishment of the balanced Economic System

1-Enforcement of the Sovereignty of Allah Almighty Quaid I Azam said: “We did not demand Pakistan to acquire a piece of land but we wanted a homeland we could introduce Islamic principles”

2-Establishment of the Islamic Democracy “It is my firm belief that our salvation lies in following the golden rules of conduct as given by our great law-giver, the Prophet of Islam. Let us lay the foundation of our democratic system on Islamic ideals and principles. The Almighty has taught us that our decisions in the state affairs shall be guided by mutual consultation” (ref. i4 Feburary 1948. Sibi)

3-Revival of Muslim image and Identity Hindus domination in social, economic, education and government services. United India was not the permanent solution of these problems.

4- Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization Distinctive cultural values Social behavior Culture Civilization Literature Hindi- Urdu controversy Muslims were not prepared to accept Hindu Supremacy

5- Two nation Theory Reference of Albruni Shah Wali Ullah Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi Haji Shariat Ullah Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

6-To get rid of the Hindu majority Muslims came to India as conqueror Muslims were dominated in all spheres of social life during their rule Muslim domination aroused Hindu jealousy British rule Muslims lost their empire & political supremacy British extended favors to Hindus British and the Hindu adopted a cruel policy against Muslims

7- Establishment of the balanced Economic System In Commerce and trade Hinds were dominated in India After War of 1857 the British government had banned Muslim entry into government service All high level civil and military position were reserved for the Hindus Muslims were considered eligible only for low ranking jobs Muslims were behind in the field of education Muslims of Subcontinent demand for Pakistan to establish stable economic system for every individual