Animal Kingdom

Animals Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia: 1)Acquire food via ingesting food then digesting the contents (Heterotrophic) 2)Capable of movement created by muscle tissues 3)Multicellular 4)Adults are typically diploid 5)Embryo undergoes specific developmental stages

8 Phyla PhylumMembers PoriferaSponges CnidariaJelly fish, Sea anenome PlatyhelminthesFlatworms NematodaRound worms MolluscaSnails, Slugs, Octopus AnnelidaEarthworms EchinodermataStarfish, Sea cucumbers ArthropodaSpiders, Crabs, Insects ChordataSea squirts, Humans

Invertebrates versus Vertebrates Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human skeleton) Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell)

Invertebrates versus Vertebrates Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human skeleton) Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell) Invertebrates: All phyla except chordata Have exoskeletons or no skeleton at all. Vertebrates: Only in the phylum chordata Have endoskeletons.

Levels of Organization Three Possible Levels of Organization: 1) cellular organization 2) Tissue organization 3) Organ organization (Not all phyla have all three)

Germ Layers Three Possible Germ layers: 1) Ectoderm (ecto = outside) 2) Mesoderm (meso = middle) 3) Endoderm (endo = inside)

Note: If all 3 germ layers are present = organ level of organization

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Type of Body Plan Two Body Plans: 1)Sac plan: Incomplete digestive System. One opening for food and waste 2) Tube within a tube plan: Complete digestive system. Food and waste have their own openings in the body

Type of Symmetry Two Types of Symmetry: Radial: Symmetrical along the radius. If you cut the organism along its radius it will form identical parts. Bilateral:

Type of Symmetry Two Types of Symmetry: Radial: Symmetrical along the radius. If you cut the organism along its radius it will form identical parts. Bilateral: (Bi = in half) If you cut the organism down the middle they will create two symmetrical halves

Types of Symmetry Asymmetrical: (A = not) Does not have symmetry along any axis

Segmentation Segmentation: Repeating segments found along the length of the body.

Type of Body Cavity Coelom: The part of the body cavity that contains the organs Three Types of Body Cavities

Type of Body Cavity Coelom: The part of the body cavity that contains the organs Three Types of Body Cavities Acoelomate: Organisms that have no coelom Pseudocoelomate: Part of the coelom is bordered by endoderm the rest borders mesoderm Coelomate: The entire coelom is bordered by mesoderm