Mr. SACHIN KHANDELWAL (S.D.E.) Mr. N.S.NAG (D.E.) Mr. L.K.VERMA (PROJECT GUIDE)  Group Members- 1)Mohit Udani 2)Ranjith Kumar.M 3)Salma Siddique 4)Abhishek Soni 5)Jerin Jacob

 NETWORK.  TYPES OF NETWORK.  OSI MODEL.  ROUTERS.  ROUTING PROTOCOLS.

 Set of devices connected by media links.  Links connecting the devices are called communication channels.  Networks use distributed processing.  A task is divided among multiple computers instead of a single large machine.

 Distributed databases.  Faster problem solving.  Collaborative processing.  Security through redundancy.

 Connects computers that are physically close together ( < 1 mile).  High speed  Multi-point network.  Technologies: – Ethernet 10 Mbps, 100Mbps. – Token Ring 16 Mbps. – FDDI 100 Mbps.

 Larger than a LAN and smaller than a WAN.  Example: campus-wide network.  Multi-point network.  Technologies: – Coaxial cable. – Microwave.

 Connects computers that are physically far apart. “Long-haul network”.  Typically slower than a LAN.  Typically less reliable than a LAN.  Point-to-point network.  Technologies: – Telephone lines. – Satellite communications.

 Source to destination delivery of packets.  Path selection between end-systems (routing).  Logical addressing.  Subnet flow control.  Translation between different network types.

 A ROUTER is a specialized device.  Connects one network to another, directing data packets from a source to the final destination.  Routers are different than switches.  Switches connect groups of computers to a LAN (Local Area Network).  A router connects that LAN to another LAN or to the Internet.

 Data comes in on one of the lines.  The router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination.  Using information in its Routing table it directs the packet to the next network on its journey or drops the packet.  A data packet is typically passed from router to router through the networks of the Internet.

 Home and small office routers.  Pass data, such as web pages and , between the home computers and the owner's cable or DSL modem.  More sophisticated routers range from enterprise routers, which connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers.  They forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.

 A routing protocol is a set of processes, algorithms, and messages.  These are used to exchange routing information.  Populate the routing table with the routing protocol’s choice of best paths.

 Discovering remote networks.  Maintaining up-to-date routing information.  Choosing the best path to destination networks.  Having the ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available.

 Data structures: Some routing protocols use tables or databases for their operations.  Algorithm-Routing protocols use algorithms for processing routing information and for best-path determination.  Routing protocol messages: Routing protocols use various types of messages to discover neighboring routers and exchange routing information.

 Configuration complexity increases with network size.  Administrator intervention for topology changes are required.  Suitable for simple topologies.  Route to destination is always the same.

 Minimal CPU processing.  Easier for administrator to understand.  Easy to configure.

 Configuration complexity independent of the network size.  Automatically adopts to the topology changes.  Suitable for simple and complex topologies.  Route depends on the current topology.

 Administrator has less work in maintaining the configuration when adding or deleting networks.  Protocols automatically react to the topology changes.  Configuration is less error-prone.  More scalable; growing the network usually does not present a problem.

 Classful routing protocols do not send subnet mask information in routing updates.  Subnet mask is the same throughout the topology.  Classful routing protocols do not support variable-length subnet masks (VLSM).  Classful routing protocols include RIPv1 and IGRP.

 Classless routing protocols include the subnet mask with the network address in routing updates.  Classless routing protocols support VLSM.  Subnet mask can vary in the topology.  Classless routing protocols are RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP.

 A routed protocol is a protocol by which data can be routed.  Required in such a protocol is an addressing scheme based on which we will be able to identify the network to which a host belongs.  All hosts on an internetwork (routers, servers, and workstations) can utilize the services of a routed protocol.  Examples of a routed protocol are IP, IPX, and AppleTalk.

 A routing protocol is only used between routers.  Its purpose is to help routers building and maintain routing tables.  Examples of a routing protocol are IGRP,EIGRP and RIP.