Rants about PLANTS

Parts of a Plant Flower: seed bearing structure Leaves: photosynthetic organ that contains vascular tissue Stem: supporting structure that carries water and nutrients between the roots and leaves Roots: underground organ that absorbs water

Reproductive Parts of a Plant Petals: brightly colored structure that attracts insects and other pollinators Stigma: sticky portion at the top of the pistol that traps pollen Pistol: narrow stalk that the pollen travels through Ovary: contains egg cells, where fertilization takes place. (seed)

Reproductive Parts of a Plant Anther: makes pollen (sperm) Stamen: provides support of anther Sepals: encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing

Stomata and Guard Cells Guard Cell: specialized cell that controls the opening and closing of stomata by responding to changes in water pressure Stoma: small pores on the underside of a leaf that regulates gas exchange: – Absorbs CO₂ in photosynthesis – Releases O₂ and H₂O in transpiration 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy > C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

Xylem and Phloem Xylem: transport of water from roots to remainder of plant Phloem: transport of food and nutrients from leaves to remainder of plant

Geotropism or Gravitropism The growth of plants in response to gravity – Roots grow downward, stem grows upward

Phototropism The movement of a plant towards or away from light

Hydrotropism The movement of a plant towards or away from water

Thigmotropism directional response of a plant organ to touch or physical contact with a solid object * Example: Vines growing on a trellis

Other Need to Know Vocab Pollination: transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure Growth: period of time when the plant embryo is growing Dormancy: period of time when the plant embryo is alive, but not growing

Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm ANGIOSPERM flowering plants seeds are enclosed in a fruit most are pollinated by birds & bees Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks, dandelions Divided into two main groups: Monocots & Dicots GYMNOSPERM cone bearing plants (seeds grow on cones) "naked seeds“ wind pollinated needle like leaves Examples: pine trees & evergreens

Two Types of Angiosperms MONOCOT Angiosperms that have 1 seed leaf (cotyledon) Parallel veins on leaves 3 part symmetry for flowers Fibrous roots Example: lilies, onions, corn, grasses, wheat DICOT Angiosperms that have 2 seed leaves (cotyledons) Net-like veins on leaves Flowers have 4-5 parts Taproots Examples: trees and ornamental flowers