L&R Social Research The Implementation of Gender Budgeting in Austria Lessons Learned from Existing Initiatives Peter Prenner & Claudia Sorger L&R Social Research, Austria 8 th November 2007, Praha Project “Gender Budgeting in Practice”

L&R Social Research Political and economical context in Austria  Female employment rates in EU comparison among the highest

L&R Social Research Employment Rates 2005

L&R Social Research Political and economical context in Austria  Female employment rates in EU comparison among the highest  Female unemployment rate is one of the lowest

L&R Social Research Unemployment Rates of Women 2006

L&R Social Research Political and economical context in Austria  Female employment rates in EU comparison among the highest  Female unemployment rate is one of the lowest Pronounced inequalities between women and men  Very high gender wage gap

L&R Social Research Gender Pay Gap 2005 Difference between men's and women's average gross hourly earnings as a percentage of men's average gross hourly earnings

L&R Social Research Political and economical context in Austria  Female employment rates in EU comparison among the highest  Female unemployment rate is one of the lowest Pronounced inequalities between women and men  Very high gender wage gap  Difference between annual net income of women and men 34% (2004)  Fulltime: gender pay gap 28% (2005)  High percentage of female part-time work  Part-time rate women: 42.7%, men 6.4% (2006)

L&R Social Research Part-Time Rates 2005 AT IT CZ HU BG

L&R Social Research Political and economical context in Austria  Female employment rates in EU comparison among the highest  Female unemployment rate is one of the lowest Pronounced inequalities between women and men  Very high gender wage gap  Difference between annual net income of women and men 34% (2004)  Fulltime: gender pay gap 28% (2005)  High percentage of female part-time work  Part-time rate women: 42.7%, men 6.4% (2006)  Long parental leave (97% are women)  Lack of child-care facilities for children under the age of 3 (only 13% in childcare facilities, Barcelona objective 2010: 33%)

L&R Social Research Gender Mainstreaming as a precondition for Gender Budgeting  National Basis of Gender Mainstreaming:  Article 7 of the Federal Constitution  three resolutions of the Council of Ministers  resolutions of the Land Parliaments and Governments in federal lands  Important impulses for the implementation of Gender Mainstreaming in Austria proceeded mainly from the European Structural Funds  Current period of the structural fund (2007 to 2013): Gender Budgeting has been anchored as a key task in the Operation Programmes for the Employment programme point (Target 2b)

L&R Social Research Initiatives of Gender Budgeting in Austria  A civil-social initiative initiated the „Working Team Women and Budget“ (2000)  Publications on the topic Gender Budgeting  Target: to get the topic of Gender Budgeting into Austrian political discussion  GB on Federal level  IMAG Gender Budgeting (interministerial working group since 2004): support of ministries in the selection of budgetary items for gender analysis  Integration of Gender Budgeting into federal constitutional law (in process)  GB in the Ministry of Finance: studies on tax system, lectures, gender audit to be introduced in 2007 (based on scientific study containing manuals, checklists, etc.)  GB on Federal States level – various initiatives, e.g. Upper Austria, Salzburg  GB on Municipal level

L&R Social Research Gender Budgeting on Municipal Level  City of VIENNA  capital city of Austria, approx. 1.6 mio. inhabitants (52,8% women)  Comprehensive GB-approach: Gender Budgeting was implemented in 2005 by a decision of the municipal government  appointment of representatives for GB, financial coordinators in each group. All budgetary approaches are monitored from the viewpoint of gender relevance  City of TULLN  Lower Austria, approx inhabitants (52,1 % women)  Selective GB-approach: Gender budget analysis was carried out by a former local councillor  analysis of women representation in budgeting process and gender effects of single sectors of the communal budget

L&R Social Research Gender Budgeting on Municipal Level  Different preconditions for Gender Budgeting, concerning  Tradition of Gender Mainstreaming and Promotion of Women  Decisive power – absolute majority of a parliamentary party over the years  Urban vs. rather rural context  Different approaches with Gender Budgeting initiatives  Top-down vs. bottom-up  Governing party vs. opposition party  Different status of implementation of GB-initiatives in Austria

L&R Social Research Gender Budgeting on Federal State Level Gender Budgeting in Upper Austria (approx. 1.4 mio. inhabitants) :  Started with analysis of current situation:  Direct benefit of expenditure: “Who benefits from the expenditure primarily, men or women?”  Impacts on employment: Analysis of the impacts of individual expenditures on employment and analysis of the structure of incomes  Internal and external effects of measures: Effect of expenditure on the division of unpaid work, on earning activity and Care Economy Analysis was aimed at the definition and description of inequality according to gender, stipulation of concrete target criteria, development of appropriate indicators and proposals for the elaboration of a set of measures for overcoming gender disparities.

L&R Social Research Gender Budgeting in Upper Austria  Long-term target of the pilot project: implementation of the financial political method from the gender viewpoint in the budgetary policy of the land  Itemisation  Gender specific utilisation of budgetary means  Development of a set of indicators  Appropriate system of data  Analysis of necessary framework conditions for the permanent implementation of GB  Center of analysis:  Selected parts of expenditure from education, the health service and sport of the land budget in the final accounts for 2003 and in the draft budget for 2004  Investigation of gender effects of expenditure in these three spheres  Standards for the realisation of Gender Budgeting at the process level and measures for the institutionalisation and realisation of Gender Budgeting in the land budget of Upper Austria were elaborated

L&R Social Research General conclusions from Austrian GB-initiatives  Political commitment and binding directives as precondition (top-down)  Information and training of political and administrative staff  GB involves people from different departments and different disciplines (economists, social and political scientists, jurists, managers, …)  needs coordination and transfer of knowledge  needs resources  Relevance of gender issues in communal policies has to rise  sensitisation  Participation of women in policy making and in budgeting processes has to rise in order to achieve gender equality  Gender Budgeting is a continuous process, to be improved  Problematic aspects concerning data and information:  Transparency – all data on budgets has to be accessible  Availability – some data interesting is not available (traditional systems)  Heterogeneity of budget principles – comparison and benchmarking is difficult