April 9, 2008 Kevin Huselid Brian Bell Water and Sanitation for Hope Integrated Academy Mulobere, Masaka, Uganda University of Minnesota Chapter

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  Engineers Without Borders University of Minnesota Chapter  Uganda Rural Fund and the Hope Integrated Academy  Sustainable Water Supply  Sanitation and Hygienic Education  Conclusions

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota The mission of Engineers Without Borders - University of Minnesota (EWB-UMN) is to partner with disadvantaged communities around the world, and to improve their quality of life through implementation of engineered projects that prove environmentally and economically sustainable.

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Our goals are achieved through cooperation with each other, fellow institutions, and mentors on the basis of commitment, persistence, humility and concern for the recipients of our efforts. Involves in 43 countries: 14,000 members 269 chapters 311 projects

5  Location – rural village 40 km south of Masaka, Uganda  Community of 2000 where 19% of the children are orphans  Partnership – Uganda Rural Fund  All volunteer 501(c)3 non profit started in 2005 to provide education and support for disadvantaged children, AIDs orphans, and marginalized communities throughout Uganda

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 6 Gross Domestic Product per capita$326 Gross National Income per capita$280 Total Population30,000,000 Population annual growth rate3.2% 85% of the population lives on less than $1 a day 60% of the population uses improved drinking water sources 43% of the population uses adequate sanitation facitlites Sources: UNICEF, WHO (2008)

Currently an after school program for 200 children focusing on vocational skills 7 Future development will provide housing for 300 AIDS orphans

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Water  Unsatisfactory water sources nearby  Current: 1 km transport of water  School must have a clean sustainable water source for both students and staff Sanitation  Current: pit latrines  The school will need a more hygienic and sustainable sanitation system 8

Water  Rainwater harvesting Sanitation  Ecological sanitation system with dry composting  Assessment of possible deep well groundwater source 9

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  The active shallow well near the school dries up  A deep well would cost $12,000 with less than 20% success rate  School is currently only in use for an after school program  Need a reliable water source  Future expansion to include a well 10

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 11

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 12 Four 24,000 liter high density polypropylene tanks School Layout

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 13 First flush diversion at every downspout

 Screens on gutters  First Flush system at all down spouts Divert 7.6 L per 9.6 m 2 Using 4” PVC pipe

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  Attach fascia to roof structure.  Attach gutters to fascia 15

 Capacity for next two years – 250 after school children  Usage – 5 L/day  Size estimate 100,000 L 16 Table 2: Tank storage calculations

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Ferrocement: 17 PolyTanks:

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Advantages: Two Tanks Flexibiility Construction 18 Disadvantages: Cost UV degradation

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota No pumping required!

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 20

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  Common practice in rural Masaka is to boil all water  Other treatments  Inline chlorination  UV treatment 21

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Sanitation Design for 250 day students and 15 full-time teachers

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Urinals Toilets Urine Diverting Collection Movable containers Application Agricultural Storage Treatment Septic Tank Solids Removal Soil Infiltration Hand Washing Station Feces Urine Gray water System OverviewSanitation

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  6 Stalls  3 for girls  3 for boys  Urine diverting toilets and urinals  Urine and feces collected and treated separately System Components

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota System Components  Solid waste management  Add soil/ash after each use  Collect in movable containers  Treat with dehydration and time  Store in rear  Liquid waste management  Send to septic tank  Treat through soil  Recycle nutrients (optional)

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota System Components  Hand washing stations  One at each end of building  Rainwater collection  Gray water disposed of with urine

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota System Components  Education Components  For Users:  Use of toilets  Hand washing with soap  For Operators:  Reuse of solid waste  Maintenance  We educate operators and teachers  Teachers educate students  Posters in bathrooms

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Sanitation  Benefits  Prevents disease  Protects the environment  Recycles nutrients  Minimizes odor  Permanent

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota Sanitation  Potential Concerns and Solutions  Cultural acceptability -- Education  Misuse of toilets -- Education  Reluctance to handle waste -- Education  Overuse -- Removable containers  Future location of well -- Move infiltration trench

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota  Every volunteer partners throughout the stay with a staff member to learn and teach about sustainable technology in Uganda  Vocational school adapts the systems as examples how to expand to other houses  Manuals use pictures  Sanitation and health education to also serve as an evaluation of impact  Still need a control population

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota July Assessment for future work  Hydrogeology of area from private hydrologist  Secondary water treatment – Locate possible UV light bulbs or chlorination supplies – Feasibility of hypochlorite production at school  Agricultural processing and nutritional products for local market  Sanitation education and expansion of dry composting  Local materials for improved stove construction  Women’s social organizing initiatives 31

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota 32 Rain Water Harvesting$5,000 Polytanks$14,000 Sanitation System $7,000 Total $26,000 Based on assessment of materials and local suppliers Local labor costs

Engineers Without Borders – University of Minnesota “The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them” Albert Einstein