Bellringer Please complete the thesis and paragraphs sheet on Hinduism and Buddhism that you picked up at the front door. This is to be done individually! You have 8 minutes. BJOTD: What do you feed an invisible cat?

The Geography and Early Cultures of Ancient Greece

Geography Mainland Greece is very mountainous – Affected Greece by splitting it into different regions which Helped city-states gain individuality Hindered their ability to work together Each city-state thought it was better than others – Limited amount of farmland Led to the Greeks colonizing new lands for farming

Two Major Peninsulas – Balkan and Peloponnesus Varied Waterways – Dardanelles Strait that connects the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea Strait: thin area of water connecting two other waterways

Seas and Waterways affected Greece – Causing them to trade primarily by water Profitable trade through Mediterranean, Aegean, and Ionian Seas Made Greeks great sailors with a strong navy – Waterways connected Greeks to Italy, Egypt Harbors kept boats safe overnight

Moderate Temperatures – 48° F in the Winter and 80° F in the Summer allowed the Greeks to have an outdoor life

Processing: Map Complete the map using the book and your groupmates. You have 10 minutes to do this.

The Early People of Greece Minoans Mycenaeans ruled from 2000 BCE BCE Location: Greece and Crete Cities included Athens and were ruled by kings (monarchy) – Trojan War weakens Mycenaens and causes collapse

Trojan War 1200 BCE: Mycenaean Kings fought 10 year war against Troy (located in Anatolia) According to legend, Paris, a Prince of Troy, stole Helen, the wife of a Mycenaean King, away starting the war Dorians move in after Mycenaeans – Less advanced--little writing Because the Dorians lost the skill of writing, the Greeks learned about the Trojan War through oral traditions – After Dorians, Greeks split into city-states

Greek Religion and Mythology Polytheistic Mythology had 3 purposes: – Explaining natural phenomena (Storms, thunder, lightning, etc) – Explaining human qualities (speed, knowledge, strength, sight, etc) – Explaining life events (births, deaths, marriages, etc. ) Greek gods spread to Rome and can still be seen in everyday life – Literature, art, monuments, politics, architecture

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Major Greek Gods & Goddesses Zeus- King of the Gods, lives on Mt. Olympus – God of thunder and the sky Hera- wife of Zeus – Goddess of marriage and birth Aphrodite- goddess of love and beauty

Major Greek Gods & Goddesses Artemis- goddess of the hunt Apollo- god of medicine, sun, poetry, healing, music Athena- goddess of wisdom and war – Patron god of Athens

Processing Why were oral traditions so important to the early Greeks? Do you think oral traditions or written records are more accurate? Why or why not?

Early Cities Early cities focused on two ideas: – Promoting civic participation Getting people (free adult men) involved in decisions of city – Promoting commercial/business life Getting people to trade products/ideas City-states known as polis – Polis: city and surrounding countryside Ex—Washington DC and its suburbs – Agora: city center—like business district – Acropolis: fortified (protected) area of city Not all had one Some cities put agora in acropolis

Agora: – Place for discussion and trade – Men met for food, clothes, ideas – Women rarely seen Acropolis: – Used for protection and as a sign of power – Made it easy to see oncoming attackers – Place for royalty, women, and children to hide during war

Athenian Acropolis Fortified hilltop for protection – Walls are the mountain its built on—marble

Processing How did Greek mythology help the Greeks explain their everyday lives and the world around them? What impact did Greek mythology have on the world after the Greeks were gone?