Image Processing Example of Digital image Fine name: F_01.JPG Type of file:JPEG Image Width: 512 Height:768 Resolution:96 Bit Depth:24 Size:46,744 bytes

Image Processing Application Fields: Medicine

Image Processing Application Fields: Geology

Image Processing Application Fields: Image Enhancement

Image Processing Application Fields: Entertainment

Image Processing

f(x,y) – color value of pixel at (x,y) Digital image is set {f(x,y), for all pixels (x,y)} or { f(x,y), 1≤x ≤W, 1≤y≤H } x y

Image Processing

Gray scale The intensity of a monochrome image at any point (x,y) is called gray level of the image at the point (x,y) : ℓ = f(x, y) The range [Lmin, Lmax], where Lmin  ℓ  Lmax, is called the gray scale.

Image Processing Neighbors of a Pixel Let P is a pixel at coordinate (x, y). Then, P has two horizontal and two vertical neighbors at (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y-1), (x, y+1) (1) The set (1) is called 4-neighbors of P. P(x,y)

Image Processing Neighbors of a Pixel Let P is a pixel at coordinate (x, y). The 4 diagonal neighbors of P: (x-1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x+1, y+1)(2) The set (1)&(2), denoted by N8(P), is called 8-neighbors of P. P(x,y)

Image Processing Color Model Color Fundamentals

Image Processing Color Model Color Fundamentals

Image Processing Color Model Total of cones in the human eye. They are divided into 3 principal sensing categories, corresponding to red, green, blue light. Approximately, 65% of all cones are sensitive to RED light Approximately, 33% are sensitive to GREEN light And, approximately, 2% are sensitive to BLUE light (but the blue cones are the most sensitive)

Image Processing Color Model The International Commission on Illumination designated (1931) the following specific wavelength values to the three primary colors: BLUE = nm, GREEN = nm, RED = 700 nm CIE standards

Image Processing Color Model

Image Processing Color Model

Image Processing Color Model Mỗi mô hình màu gồm ba màu, ví dụ:{red, green, blue}, hoặc{cyan, magenta, yellow} Ảnh xám: Mỗi điểm ảnh có các thành phần màu bằng nhau {red = a, green = a, blue= a}, a – mức xám

Image Processing Color Model

Image Processing Pixels Let P(x, y) is some (discrete) point in the image, and f(P) is vector value of point P, eg., f(P) = [R(P), G(P), B(P)] if I is the color image and, f(P) is called intensity or gray level if I is dark-gray image (image have dark gray-level distributions) The pair P & f(P) is called a pixel (stand for picture element). Usually, used note f(x, y) to sign a pixel, where x, y are spatial coordinates.

Image Processing Pixels Let P(x, y) is some (discrete) point in the image, and f(P) is vector value of point P, eg., f(P) = [R(P), G(P), B(P)] if I is the color image and, f(P) is called intensity or gray level if I is dark-gray image (image have dark gray-level distributions) The pair P & f(P) is called a pixel (stand for picture element). Usually, used note f(x, y) to sign a pixel, where x, y are spatial coordinates.

Một số phép toán xử lý ảnh Nén dữ liệu ảnh Size of Image file D.BMP is 65,322 bytes.Size of Image file D.JPG is 4,781 bytes. Lọc nhiễu

Một số phép toán xử lý ảnh Phân đoạn ảnh

Một số phép toán xử lý ảnh Thủy ấn (Watermarking) An image with visible digital watermarking. The text "Brian Kell 2006" can be seen across the center of the image.

Một số phép toán xử lý ảnh Nhận dạng Who?

Một số phép toán xử lý ảnh Origin image Histogram equalization -brightness+brightness +contrast-contrast =1.25 =0.9 negative bit-plan 5 Biến đổi điểm ảnh

Image Processing How to practice and what is more reading? A typical BMP file usually contains the following blocks of data: BMP File Header Stores general information about the BMP file. Bitmap Information (DIB header)Stores detailed information about the bitmap image. Color PaletteStores the definition of the colors being used for indexed color bitmaps. Bitmap Data Stores the actual image, pixel by pixel.

Image Processing How to practice and what is more reading?

Image Processing How to practice and what is more reading?

Image Processing Note: biBitCount actually specifies the color resolution of the bitmap. The possible values are: 1 (black/white); 4 (16 colors); 8 (256 colors); 24 (16.7 million colors). The biBitCount data element also decides if there is a color table in the file and how it looks like: In 1-bit mode the color table has to contain 2 entries (white, black). In 4-bit mode the color table must contain 16 colors. In 8-bit mode the color table contains 256 entries. In 24-bit mode, the palette is omitted.

Image Processing The color palette

Image Processing Bitmap data: It depens on the BMP File Header structure how the pixel data is to be interpreted. Another important thing is that the number of bytes in one row must always be adjusted to fit into the border of a multiple of four.

Image Processing Bitmap data: In 1-bit mode every byte in the image data represents eight pixels. They are arranged from higher to lower bit for pixels from left to right. In 4-bit mode every byte in the image data represents two pixels. The byte is split into the higher 4 bits and the lower 4 bits and each value of them points to a palette entry. In 8-bit mode every byte represents a pixel. The value points to an entry in the color table. In 24-bit mode, three bytes represent one pixel. The first byte represents the red part, the second the green and the third the blue part. No Color Table

Image Processing Ôn tập, tự học, thực hành: 1.Khái niệm ảnh số. Mô tả ảnh xám, ảnh màu. 2.Một số bài toán trong xử lý ảnh số. 3.Một số ứng dụng của xử lý ảnh số. 4.Các bước chính trong một hệ thống xử lý ảnh. 5.Sự hình thành ảnh trong mắt người. Quá trình thu nhận ảnh. Số hóa ảnh. 6.Mô hình màu RGB, HSI và công thức chuyển đổi giữa chúng. 7.Viết chương trình hiển thị ảnh, thay đổi màu của một số điểm ảnh. 8.Viết chương trình biến đổi từ ảnh màu (đa sắc) sang ảnh xám (và ngược lại?).

Image Processing Nguồn tài liệu học tập: