Unit 1 Graphing, Metric System andMeasurement

How can we look at our data? Use a graph A graph is a visual display of information or data

Circle Graphs or Pie Charts Used to show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts. The circle represents the total and the slices represent the parts.

Bar Graphs Useful for comparing information collected by counting. Useful for comparing information collected by counting.

Line Graphs Used to show trends, or how data changes over time. Used to show trends, or how data changes over time.

Parts of a Graph Title: Tells what the graph is about Title: Tells what the graph is about Independent Variable: The variable controlled by the experimenter (x-axis) Independent Variable: The variable controlled by the experimenter (x-axis) Dependent Variable: The variable affected by the independent variable Dependent Variable: The variable affected by the independent variable (y-axis) (y-axis)

Parts of a Graph Scale: The numbers used on the axis (should include all data) Scale: The numbers used on the axis (should include all data) Legend: Describes data being graphed Legend: Describes data being graphed

Parts of a Graph Title Dependent Variable Independent Variable Scales (Numbers) Legend

Metric System

Bill Nye explains the metric system! Bill Nye explains the metric system! Bill Nye explains the metric system! Bill Nye explains the metric system!

Metric System The metric system is a standard system of measurement. The metric system is a standard system of measurement. We use prefixes with base units We use prefixes with base units MeasurementBase UnitAbbreviation Lengthmeterm VolumeliterL MassGramg

Prefixes kilohectodeca BASE UNITS meter liter gram decicentimilli

Problem We need to measure the size of the room. We need to measure the size of the room. What is the base unit? What is the base unit? For length, we use meters. For length, we use meters. The room is 10m long. The room is 10m long.

Problem What if we need to measure a longer distance, like from home to school? What if we need to measure a longer distance, like from home to school? You live approximately 10 miles from school You live approximately 10 miles from school 10 miles = 16100m 10 miles = 16100m That’s a big number. By changing the prefix and moving the decimal, we can make it more manageable. That’s a big number. By changing the prefix and moving the decimal, we can make it more manageable m = 16.1km 16100m = 16.1km

Whiteboard Practice Convert 2.53g to kg Convert 2.53g to kg Convert L to dL Convert L to dL Convert 125.2mm to m Convert 125.2mm to m Convert 561kL to mL Convert 561kL to mL Convert 334.5cg to dag Convert 334.5cg to dag Convert hm to dm Convert hm to dm

Measurement

Measurement Metric System - System of measurement used by scientists Metric System - System of measurement used by scientists Also known as the International System of Units, abbreviated SI Also known as the International System of Units, abbreviated SI Based on the number 10 Based on the number 10

Length Length is the distance between two points Length is the distance between two points base unit is the meter (abbreviated m) base unit is the meter (abbreviated m) measured with a meter stick or a metric ruler measured with a meter stick or a metric ruler

Measuring Length Start the measurement at the 0cm mark on the ruler or meter stick Start the measurement at the 0cm mark on the ruler or meter stick Read the length of the object to the whole centimeter, plus 2 decimal places (estimate the last one) Read the length of the object to the whole centimeter, plus 2 decimal places (estimate the last one)

Measurement Practice Measure the length of the index card Measure the length of the pencil Measure the length of the paper clip Record your group’s results on the board at the front of the room. Measure 5.0mL of water in the graduated cylinder and show Mrs. A.

Temperature Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is Unit is º C Unit is º C Water freezes at 0 º C Water freezes at 0 º C Water boils at 100 º C Water boils at 100 º C The celsius scale is divided into 100 equal divisions The celsius scale is divided into 100 equal divisions Read thermometers to the nearest degree or half degree Read thermometers to the nearest degree or half degree

Volume Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object base unit is the liter (abbreviated L) base unit is the liter (abbreviated L)

Measuring Volume Volumes of many solid objects may be calculated by measuring the length, width, and height of the object, then multiplying the numbers together: Volumes of many solid objects may be calculated by measuring the length, width, and height of the object, then multiplying the numbers together: V = L x W x H

Calculating Volume V = L x W x H V = L x W x H V = 4cm x 3cm x 12 cm = 144 cm 3

Measuring Volume Liquid volumes should be measured with a graduated cylinder (in mL) Liquid volumes should be measured with a graduated cylinder (in mL) When reading a graduated cylinder, look at the graduated cylinder at eye level When reading a graduated cylinder, look at the graduated cylinder at eye level Read the bottom Read the bottom of the meniscus, the curve of the liquid on the cylinder Read to the nearest unit Read to the nearest unit or half unit

Measuring Volume Volumes of irregular solid objects may be determined by the displacement methodVolumes of irregular solid objects may be determined by the displacement method Put some water in a graduated cylinder and record the volumePut some water in a graduated cylinder and record the volume Add the object to the graduated cylinderAdd the object to the graduated cylinder Record the new volumeRecord the new volume The difference between the new volume and the original volume is the volume of the objectThe difference between the new volume and the original volume is the volume of the object

Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an objectMass is the amount of matter in an object standard unit is the kilogram (abbreviated kg)standard unit is the kilogram (abbreviated kg) Our balances measure mass in grams (g)Our balances measure mass in grams (g)

Measuring Mass Measure the mass of a solid using a balanceMeasure the mass of a solid using a balance Our balances are digitalOur balances are digital Use a weigh “boat” to hold the solid on the pan of the balanceUse a weigh “boat” to hold the solid on the pan of the balance

Measuring Mass Digital balanceDigital balance Make sure the balance reads 0.0gMake sure the balance reads 0.0g If not, press the “Zero”buttonIf not, press the “Zero”button Measure the mass of the boat and record itMeasure the mass of the boat and record it Add the solid to the boatAdd the solid to the boat Measure the mass of the boat and the solidMeasure the mass of the boat and the solid To find the mass of the solid, subtract the mass of the boat from the mass of the boat and the solidTo find the mass of the solid, subtract the mass of the boat from the mass of the boat and the solid

Measuring Mass Measure the mass of a liquid using a balance and a graduated cylinder (GC)Measure the mass of a liquid using a balance and a graduated cylinder (GC) First mass the empty GCFirst mass the empty GC Add the liquid to the GCAdd the liquid to the GC Mass the liquid and the GC togetherMass the liquid and the GC together To get the mass of the liquid, take the mass of the liquid and GC and subtract the mass of the GC.To get the mass of the liquid, take the mass of the liquid and GC and subtract the mass of the GC.

Measurement Lab 9 Stations9 Stations Work in assigned groupsWork in assigned groups Rotate through the stations in order, going to station 1 after you finish station 9Rotate through the stations in order, going to station 1 after you finish station 9 Be sure to clean up each station and put everything back the way you found it before moving to the next oneBe sure to clean up each station and put everything back the way you found it before moving to the next one

Density Density is the mass per unit volume of a materialDensity is the mass per unit volume of a material Density may be used to identify a materialDensity may be used to identify a material

Density Density is calculated using this formulaDensity is calculated using this formula Density = massDensity = mass volume volume Units are usually g/cm 3Units are usually g/cm 3 This formula is on your reference tableThis formula is on your reference table